The diagram shows the curve CC with equation y=12(3x+2)2+4y = \frac{12}{(3x+2)^2 + 4} which has a turning point at (−23,3)\left(-\frac{2}{3}, 3\right). The region RR is bounded by CC, the yy-axis and the line y=3y = 3.

  1. (i)

    Find the exact area of RR.

  2. (ii)

    RR is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the yy-axis. Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed, giving your answer to 4 decimal places.

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Worked solution

3(i)

1. Set up the definite integral for the area of region $R$.

The region RR is bounded above by y=3y = 3, below by y=12(3x+2)2+4y = \frac{12}{(3x+2)^2 + 4}, and horizontally between the turning point at x=−23x = -\frac{2}{3} and the yy-axis (x=0x = 0).

Area=∫−2/30(3−12(3x+2)2+4) dx\text{Area} = \int_{-2/3}^{0} \left( 3 - \frac{12}{(3x+2)^2 + 4} \right) \, dx

2. Integrate the expression using the standard integral for $\frac{1}{x^2 + a^2}$.

∫(3−12(3x+2)2+22) dx=3x−12(13)(12)tan⁡−1(3x+22)=3x−2tan⁡−1(3x+22)\begin{aligned} \int \left( 3 - \frac{12}{(3x+2)^2 + 2^2} \right) \, dx &= 3x - 12 \left( \frac{1}{3} \right) \left( \frac{1}{2} \right) \tan^{-1}\left( \frac{3x+2}{2} \right) \\ &= 3x - 2\tan^{-1}\left( \frac{3x+2}{2} \right) \end{aligned}

3. Evaluate the definite integral using the limits to find the exact area.

Area=[3x−2tan⁡−1(3x+22)]−2/30=(3(0)−2tan⁡−1(22))−(3(−23)−2tan⁡−1(02))=(0−2tan⁡−1(1))−(−2−2tan⁡−1(0))=(0−2(π4))−(−2−0)=2−π2\begin{aligned} \text{Area} &= \left[ 3x - 2\tan^{-1}\left( \frac{3x+2}{2} \right) \right]_{-2/3}^{0} \\ &= \left( 3(0) - 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2}{2}\right) \right) - \left( 3\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right) - 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{0}{2}\right) \right) \\ &= \left( 0 - 2\tan^{-1}(1) \right) - \left( -2 - 2\tan^{-1}(0) \right) \\ &= \left( 0 - 2\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) \right) - (-2 - 0) \\ &= 2 - \frac{\pi}{2} \end{aligned}

Answer

2−π22 - \frac{\pi}{2}

3(ii)

1. Find the limits of integration for $y$ by calculating the $y$-intercept of the curve $C$.

Substitute x=0x = 0 into the equation of CC to find the lower bound of yy:
y=12(3(0)+2)2+4=128=1.5y = \frac{12}{(3(0)+2)^2 + 4} = \frac{12}{8} = 1.5
From the given figure and coordinates of the turning point, the region RR is bounded vertically between y=1.5y = 1.5 and y=3y = 3.

2. Express $x$ in terms of $y$, selecting the correct square root based on the domain of region $R$.

Rearrange the equation of CC to make xx the subject:
y=12(3x+2)2+4y = \frac{12}{(3x+2)^2 + 4}
(3x+2)2+4=12y(3x+2)^2 + 4 = \frac{12}{y}
(3x+2)2=12y−4(3x+2)^2 = \frac{12}{y} - 4
Since region RR is bounded between the turning point x=−23x = -\frac{2}{3} and the yy-axis x=0x = 0, we know that −23≤x≤0-\frac{2}{3} \le x \le 0, which means 3x+2≥03x+2 \ge 0. Therefore, we must take the positive square root:
3x+2=12y−43x+2 = \sqrt{\frac{12}{y} - 4}
x=13(12y−4−2)x = \frac{1}{3}\left( \sqrt{\frac{12}{y} - 4} - 2 \right)

3. Set up the integral for the volume of revolution about the $y$-axis and evaluate it using a graphing calculator.

The volume of revolution about the yy-axis is given by V=π∫y1y2x2 dyV = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} x^2 \, \mathrm{d}y:
V=π∫1.53[13(12y−4−2)]2 dyV = \pi \int_{1.5}^{3} \left[ \frac{1}{3}\left( \sqrt{\frac{12}{y} - 4} - 2 \right) \right]^2 \, \mathrm{d}y
Using a graphing calculator to evaluate this definite integral numerically:
V≈0.5125008…V \approx 0.5125008\dots
V=0.5125 (to 4 d.p.)V = 0.5125 \text{ (to 4 d.p.)}

Answer

0.5125

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