Two lines, and , have equations and respectively.
- (i)
Determine whether and intersect, and state the coordinates of the intersection point, if any.
- (ii)
Find the acute angle between and .
- (iii)
Find an equation for the line , where is the reflection of about .
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Worked solution
4(i)
1. Express the equations of $l_1$ and $l_2$ in parametric form.
Let be defined by and .
Let be defined by .
2. Set up a system of equations by equating the $x$, $y$, and $z$ coordinates.
For the lines to intersect, they must share a common point for some values of and :
3. Solve for the parameters and verify consistency across all three equations.
From (2), we find:
Substitute into (1):
Check consistency by substituting and into (3):
Since LHS = RHS, the system of equations is consistent, which means and intersect.
4. Calculate the coordinates of the intersection point.
Substitute into the parametric equations for :
(Alternatively, substituting into yields the same result).
The intersection point is .
The lines intersect. The coordinates of the intersection point are .
4(ii)
1. Extract the direction vectors of lines $l_1$ and $l_2$ from their Cartesian equations.
For , the Cartesian equation is .
The direction vector is .
For , the equation is .
The direction vector is .
2. Use the dot product to find the acute angle between the two lines.
Let be the acute angle between and .
4(iii)
1. Find the point of intersection $A$ of lines $l_1$ and $l_2$.
Express and in vector form:
Equating coordinates to find the intersection:
Substitute into (1): .
Substitute into the equation of to find the intersection point :
The point of intersection is .
2. Define a point $B$ on $l_1$ and find the displacement vector $\vec{BF}$ to a generic point $F$ on $l_2$.
Let be the position on when .
Let be the foot of the perpendicular from to . The position vector of is:
The displacement vector is:
3. Use the scalar product to find the foot of the perpendicular, $F$, from $B$ to $l_2$.
Since is perpendicular to , its scalar product with the direction vector of must be zero:
Substitute to find :
4. Find the position vector of the reflected point $B'$ using the midpoint.
The point is the midpoint of and its reflection across :
5. Determine the direction vector of $l_3$ and form its equation.
The reflected line passes through the common intersection point and the reflected point .
The direction vector of is :
To avoid fractions, we can multiply the vector by to get a parallel direction vector for :
The vector equation of is , where .
Converting this to Cartesian form yields:
or
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