Find the first 4 terms in the expansion of (2−3x2)7\left(2 - \dfrac{3}{x^{2}}\right)^{7} in descending powers of xx, simplifying each term. Hence, find the coefficient of xx in the expansion of (5x−4x3)(2−3x2)7(5x - 4x^{3})\left(2 - \dfrac{3}{x^{2}}\right)^{7}. Given that the constant term in the binomial expansion of (x2−kx)9\left(x^{2} - \frac{k}{x}\right)^{9} is 61236, find the value of the positive constant kk.

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Worked solution

5(a)

1. Apply the binomial theorem to write down the first 4 terms of the expansion.

(2−3x2)7=(70)(2)7+(71)(2)6(−3x2)+(72)(2)5(−3x2)2+(73)(2)4(−3x2)3+…\left(2 - \frac{3}{x^2}\right)^7 = \binom{7}{0}(2)^7 + \binom{7}{1}(2)^6\left(-\frac{3}{x^2}\right) + \binom{7}{2}(2)^5\left(-\frac{3}{x^2}\right)^2 + \binom{7}{3}(2)^4\left(-\frac{3}{x^2}\right)^3 + \dots

2. Evaluate the binomial coefficients and powers.

=1(128)+7(64)(−3x2)+21(32)(9x4)+35(16)(−27x6)+…= 1(128) + 7(64)\left(-\frac{3}{x^2}\right) + 21(32)\left(\frac{9}{x^4}\right) + 35(16)\left(-\frac{27}{x^6}\right) + \dots

3. Simplify each term to obtain the final expansion.

=128−1344x2+6048x4−15120x6= 128 - \frac{1344}{x^2} + \frac{6048}{x^4} - \frac{15120}{x^6}

Answer

128 - rac{1344}{x^2} + rac{6048}{x^4} - rac{15120}{x^6}

5(c)

1. Write down the general term of the expansion

The general term Tr+1T_{r+1} is given by:
Tr+1=(9r)(x2)9−r(−kx)rT_{r+1} = \binom{9}{r} (x^2)^{9-r} \left(-\frac{k}{x}\right)^r

2. Simplify the general term to isolate the power of $x$

Tr+1=(9r)x18−2r(−k)rx−rT_{r+1} = \binom{9}{r} x^{18-2r} (-k)^r x^{-r}
Tr+1=(9r)(−k)rx18−3rT_{r+1} = \binom{9}{r} (-k)^r x^{18-3r}

3. Find the value of $r$ for the constant term

For the constant term, the power of xx must be 0:
18−3r=018 - 3r = 0
3r=183r = 18
r=6r = 6

4. Equate the coefficient to the given value and solve for $k$

Substitute r=6r = 6 into the coefficient part:
(96)(−k)6=61236\binom{9}{6} (-k)^6 = 61236
84k6=6123684 k^6 = 61236
k6=729k^6 = 729
Since kk is a positive constant:
k=7296=3k = \sqrt[6]{729} = 3

Answer

k=3k = 3

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