Find

  1. (a)

    ∫10ex5−2ex dx ,\int \frac{10\mathrm{e}^x}{5 - 2\mathrm{e}^x} \,\mathrm{d}x \text{ ,}

  2. (b)

    ∫x1+8x2 dx ,\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 + 8x^2}} \,\mathrm{d}x \text{ ,}

  3. (c)

    ∫x(ln⁡x)2 dx .\int x(\ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x \text{ .}

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Worked solution

7(a)

1. Rewrite the integral to the form $k \int \frac{f'(x)}{f(x)} \,\mathrm{d}x$.

Let f(x)=5−2exf(x) = 5 - 2\mathrm{e}^x. Then f′(x)=−2exf'(x) = -2\mathrm{e}^x.

∫10ex5−2ex dx=−5∫−2ex5−2ex dx\int \frac{10\mathrm{e}^x}{5 - 2\mathrm{e}^x} \,\mathrm{d}x = -5 \int \frac{-2\mathrm{e}^x}{5 - 2\mathrm{e}^x} \,\mathrm{d}x

2. Integrate to obtain the natural logarithm.

=−5ln⁡∣5−2ex∣+c= -5 \ln |5 - 2\mathrm{e}^x| + c

Answer

−5ln⁡∣5−2ex∣+c-5 \ln |5 - 2\mathrm{e}^x| + c

7(b)

1. Rewrite the integral in the form $k \int \mathrm{f}'(x)[\mathrm{f}(x)]^n \,\mathrm{d}x$ by adjusting the constant.

∫x1+8x2 dx=∫x(1+8x2)−12 dx\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 + 8x^2}} \,\mathrm{d}x = \int x(1 + 8x^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \,\mathrm{d}x
=116∫16x(1+8x2)−12 dx= \frac{1}{16} \int 16x(1 + 8x^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \,\mathrm{d}x

2. Integrate using the reverse chain rule and simplify.

=116[(1+8x2)1212]+c= \frac{1}{16} \left[ \frac{(1 + 8x^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{1}{2}} \right] + c
=181+8x2+c= \frac{1}{8}\sqrt{1 + 8x^2} + c

Answer

181+8x2+c\frac{1}{8}\sqrt{1 + 8x^2} + c

7(c)

1. Set up the first integration by parts

Let u=(ln⁡x)2u = (\ln x)^2 and dvdx=x\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x} = x.
Then dudx=2(ln⁡x)⋅1x=2ln⁡xx\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x} = 2(\ln x) \cdot \frac{1}{x} = \frac{2\ln x}{x} and v=x22v = \frac{x^2}{2}.

Using ∫udvdx dx=uv−∫vdudx dx\int u \frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x} \,\mathrm{d}x = uv - \int v \frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x} \,\mathrm{d}x,

∫x(ln⁡x)2 dx=x22(ln⁡x)2−∫x22(2ln⁡xx) dx\int x(\ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^2}{2}(\ln x)^2 - \int \frac{x^2}{2} \left(\frac{2\ln x}{x}\right) \,\mathrm{d}x

2. Simplify the remaining integral

∫x(ln⁡x)2 dx=x22(ln⁡x)2−∫xln⁡x dx\int x(\ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^2}{2}(\ln x)^2 - \int x \ln x \,\mathrm{d}x

3. Apply integration by parts a second time to the new integral

For ∫xln⁡x dx\int x \ln x \,\mathrm{d}x, let u1=ln⁡xu_1 = \ln x and dv1dx=x\frac{\mathrm{d}v_1}{\mathrm{d}x} = x.
Then du1dx=1x\frac{\mathrm{d}u_1}{\mathrm{d}x} = \frac{1}{x} and v1=x22v_1 = \frac{x^2}{2}.

∫xln⁡x dx=x22ln⁡x−∫x22(1x) dx\int x \ln x \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x - \int \frac{x^2}{2} \left(\frac{1}{x}\right) \,\mathrm{d}x
=x22ln⁡x−∫x2 dx= \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x - \int \frac{x}{2} \,\mathrm{d}x

4. Integrate the final term, combine the results, and add the constant of integration

∫xln⁡x dx=x22ln⁡x−x24\int x \ln x \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x - \frac{x^2}{4}

Substituting this back into the first equation:
∫x(ln⁡x)2 dx=x22(ln⁡x)2−(x22ln⁡x−x24)+c\int x(\ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^2}{2}(\ln x)^2 - \left(\frac{x^2}{2}\ln x - \frac{x^2}{4}\right) + c
=x22(ln⁡x)2−x22ln⁡x+x24+c= \frac{x^2}{2}(\ln x)^2 - \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x + \frac{x^2}{4} + c

Answer

x22(ln⁡x)2−x22ln⁡x+x24+c\frac{x^2}{2}(\ln x)^2 - \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x + \frac{x^2}{4} + c

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