The variables xx and yy are defined such that log⁡2x−3log⁡4y=log⁡93\log_{2} x - 3\log_{4} y = \log_{9} 3.

  1. (a)
    1. (i)

      Give a reason why xx and yy must be positive numbers.

    2. (ii)

      Express xx in terms of yy.

  2. (b)

    Solve the equation 5x+1+2(5−x)=115^{x+1} + 2\left(5^{-x}\right) = 11, leaving non-exact value(s) of xx in the form log⁡ab\log_a b.

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Worked solution

3(a)(i)

1. State the reason based on the definition of logarithms

For log⁡a(z)\log_a(z) to be defined, the argument zz must be greater than 00. Therefore, x>0x > 0 and y>0y > 0.

Answer

The arguments of logarithms must be strictly positive.

3(a)(ii)

1. Evaluate the constant term on the right hand side

log⁡93=log⁡323=12\log_{9} 3 = \log_{3^2} 3 = \frac{1}{2}

2. Change the base of the second term to base 2

log⁡4y=log⁡2ylog⁡24=log⁡2y2\log_{4} y = \frac{\log_{2} y}{\log_{2} 4} = \frac{\log_{2} y}{2}

3. Substitute back into the equation and combine the logarithmic terms

log⁡2x−32log⁡2y=12\log_{2} x - \frac{3}{2}\log_{2} y = \frac{1}{2}
log⁡2x−log⁡2(y32)=12\log_{2} x - \log_{2} (y^{\frac{3}{2}}) = \frac{1}{2}
log⁡2(xy32)=12\log_{2} \left( \frac{x}{y^{\frac{3}{2}}} \right) = \frac{1}{2}

4. Convert from logarithmic form to exponential form to express $x$ in terms of $y$

xy32=212\frac{x}{y^{\frac{3}{2}}} = 2^{\frac{1}{2}}
x=212y32=2y32x = 2^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{2} y^{\frac{3}{2}}

Answer

x=2y32x = \sqrt{2} y^{\frac{3}{2}}

3(b)

1. Rewrite the equation using a substitution to form a quadratic equation.

Let u=5xu = 5^x.
5(5x)+25x=115(5^x) + \frac{2}{5^x} = 11
5u+2u=115u + \frac{2}{u} = 11
5u2−11u+2=05u^2 - 11u + 2 = 0

2. Solve the quadratic equation for $u$.

(5u−1)(u−2)=0(5u - 1)(u - 2) = 0
u=15u = \frac{1}{5} or u=2u = 2

3. Solve for $x$ when $u = \frac{1}{5}$.

5x=155^x = \frac{1}{5}
5x=5−15^x = 5^{-1}
x=−1x = -1

4. Solve for $x$ when $u = 2$ and express in logarithmic form.

5x=25^x = 2
x=log⁡52x = \log_5 2

Answer

x=−1x = -1 or x=log⁡52x = \log_5 2

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