The equation of a curve is y=4−3cos⁡2xy = 4 - 3\cos 2x.

  1. (a)

    State the period and amplitude of yy.

  2. (b)

    Sketch the graph of y=4−3cos⁡2xy = 4 - 3\cos 2x for 0≤x≤2π0 \le x \le 2\pi.

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Worked solution

3(a)

1. Determine the amplitude of the function

The amplitude is given by the absolute value of the coefficient of the cosine term.
Amplitude =∣−3∣=3= |-3| = 3

2. Determine the period of the function

The period of cos⁡(bx)\cos(bx) is 2πb\frac{2\pi}{b}. Here, b=2b = 2.
Period =2π2=π= \frac{2\pi}{2} = \pi

Answer

Period = π\pi, Amplitude = 33

3(b)

1. Identify the key features of the graph from the equation

The equation is y=4−3cos⁡2xy = 4 - 3\cos 2x.
Principal axis: y=4y = 4
Amplitude: 33
Maximum value: 4+3=74 + 3 = 7
Minimum value: 4−3=14 - 3 = 1
Period: 2π2=π\frac{2\pi}{2} = \pi

2. Determine the key points for the given domain $0 \le x \le 2\pi$

Since the period is π\pi, there are two full cycles in the domain 0≤x≤2π0 \le x \le 2\pi.
Key points for the first cycle:

  • Minimum at x=0x = 0: (0,1)(0, 1)
  • Crosses principal axis at x=π4x = \frac{\pi}{4}: (π4,4)(\frac{\pi}{4}, 4)
  • Maximum at x=π2x = \frac{\pi}{2}: (π2,7)(\frac{\pi}{2}, 7)
  • Crosses principal axis at x=3π4x = \frac{3\pi}{4}: (3π4,4)(\frac{3\pi}{4}, 4)
  • Minimum at x=πx = \pi: (π,1)(\pi, 1)

Key points for the second cycle:

  • Crosses principal axis at x=5π4x = \frac{5\pi}{4}: (5π4,4)(\frac{5\pi}{4}, 4)
  • Maximum at x=3π2x = \frac{3\pi}{2}: (3π2,7)(\frac{3\pi}{2}, 7)
  • Crosses principal axis at x=7π4x = \frac{7\pi}{4}: (7π4,4)(\frac{7\pi}{4}, 4)
  • Minimum at x=2πx = 2\pi: (2π,1)(2\pi, 1)

3. Sketch the graph

Draw a smooth, inverted cosine curve passing through the identified key points, ensuring the shape is symmetric and the turning points are rounded.

Answer

A smooth curve starting at (0,1)(0, 1), passing through (π4,4)(\frac{\pi}{4}, 4), reaching a maximum at (π2,7)(\frac{\pi}{2}, 7), passing through (3π4,4)(\frac{3\pi}{4}, 4), and reaching a minimum at (π,1)(\pi, 1). This cycle repeats, ending at (2π,1)(2\pi, 1).

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