Given that log⁡xp=9\log_x p = 9 and log⁡xq=6\log_x q = 6, find the value of log⁡pqx2\log_{\frac{p}{q}} x^2. Solve the equation lg⁡(3x+1)+lg⁡(2x−1)=2−lg⁡2\lg(3x + 1) + \lg(2x - 1) = 2 - \lg 2 and explain why there is only one solution.

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Worked solution

8(a)

1. Apply the change of base formula to convert the logarithm to base $x$.

log⁡pqx2=log⁡xx2log⁡x(pq)\log_{\frac{p}{q}} x^2 = \frac{\log_x x^2}{\log_x \left(\frac{p}{q}\right)}

2. Simplify the numerator and apply the quotient law of logarithms to the denominator.

log⁡xx2log⁡x(pq)=2log⁡xp−log⁡xq\frac{\log_x x^2}{\log_x \left(\frac{p}{q}\right)} = \frac{2}{\log_x p - \log_x q}

3. Substitute the given values and evaluate.

29−6=23\frac{2}{9 - 6} = \frac{2}{3}

Answer

23\frac{2}{3}

8(b)

1. Combine the logarithmic terms on the left-hand side.

lg⁡(3x+1)+lg⁡(2x−1)=lg⁡((3x+1)(2x−1))\lg(3x + 1) + \lg(2x - 1) = \lg((3x + 1)(2x - 1))

2. Express the right-hand side as a single logarithm.

2−lg⁡2=lg⁡100−lg⁡2=lg⁡(1002)=lg⁡502 - \lg 2 = \lg 100 - \lg 2 = \lg\left(\frac{100}{2}\right) = \lg 50

3. Equate the arguments of the logarithms and expand.

lg⁡((3x+1)(2x−1))=lg⁡50\lg((3x + 1)(2x - 1)) = \lg 50
(3x+1)(2x−1)=50(3x + 1)(2x - 1) = 50
6x2−3x+2x−1=506x^2 - 3x + 2x - 1 = 50
6x2−x−51=06x^2 - x - 51 = 0

4. Solve the resulting quadratic equation.

(6x+17)(x−3)=0(6x + 17)(x - 3) = 0
x=−176 or x=3x = -\frac{17}{6} \text{ or } x = 3

5. Check the validity of the solutions and explain why there is only one solution.

When x=−176x = -\frac{17}{6}, 3x+1=3(−176)+1=−7.5<03x + 1 = 3\left(-\frac{17}{6}\right) + 1 = -7.5 < 0.
Since the logarithm of a negative number is undefined, x=−176x = -\frac{17}{6} is rejected.
Therefore, there is only one solution, x=3x = 3.

Answer

x=3x = 3

x=−176x = -\frac{17}{6} is rejected because it results in the logarithm of a negative number, which is undefined.

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