A curve DD has equation y=ax+bln⁡x+cx,x>0,y = ax + b \ln x + \frac{c}{x}, \quad x > 0, where aa, bb and cc are constants. It is given that DD has a stationary point at x=32x = \frac{3}{2} and the tangent to DD at the point where x=1x = 1 is y=x−5y = x - 5. Find the values of aa, bb and cc.

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Worked solution

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1. Find the coordinates of the point on the curve at $x = 1$ using the given tangent and substitute them into the curve's equation.

At x=1x = 1, the yy-coordinate on the curve is the same as that on the tangent y=x−5y = x - 5:
y=1−5=−4y = 1 - 5 = -4
Substitute (1,−4)(1, -4) into y=ax+bln⁡x+cxy = ax + b \ln x + \frac{c}{x}:
−4=a(1)+bln⁡(1)+c1-4 = a(1) + b \ln(1) + \frac{c}{1}
a+c=−4— (1)a + c = -4 \quad \text{--- (1)}

2. Differentiate the equation of the curve with respect to $x$.

dydx=a+bx−cx2\frac{dy}{dx} = a + \frac{b}{x} - \frac{c}{x^2}

3. Form a second equation using the gradient of the tangent at $x = 1$.

The gradient of the tangent y=x−5y = x - 5 is 11. Therefore, at x=1x = 1, dydx=1\frac{dy}{dx} = 1.
a+b1−c12=1a + \frac{b}{1} - \frac{c}{1^2} = 1
a+b−c=1— (2)a + b - c = 1 \quad \text{--- (2)}

4. Form a third equation using the stationary point given at $x = \frac{3}{2}$.

At a stationary point, dydx=0\frac{dy}{dx} = 0. Substitute x=32x = \frac{3}{2} into the derivative:
a+b32−c(32)2=0a + \frac{b}{\frac{3}{2}} - \frac{c}{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2} = 0
a+23b−49c=0a + \frac{2}{3}b - \frac{4}{9}c = 0
Multiply by 9 to clear denominators:
9a+6b−4c=0— (3)9a + 6b - 4c = 0 \quad \text{--- (3)}

5. Solve the system of three linear equations to find $a$, $b$, and $c$.

From (1), c=−4−ac = -4 - a.
Substitute cc into (2):
a+b−(−4−a)=1a + b - (-4 - a) = 1
2a+b+4=1  ⟹  b=−2a−32a + b + 4 = 1 \implies b = -2a - 3
Substitute expressions for bb and cc into (3):
9a+6(−2a−3)−4(−4−a)=09a + 6(-2a - 3) - 4(-4 - a) = 0
9a−12a−18+16+4a=09a - 12a - 18 + 16 + 4a = 0
a−2=0  ⟹  a=2a - 2 = 0 \implies a = 2
Using a=2a = 2 to find bb and cc:
b=−2(2)−3=−7b = -2(2) - 3 = -7
c=−4−2=−6c = -4 - 2 = -6

Answer

a=2a = 2, b=−7b = -7, c=−6c = -6

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