ABC is a triangle. D is the point on BC such that 3BD = 2DC.

  1. ((a))

    Find AD in terms of m and n.

    Answer ...

  2. ((b))

    R is on AD produced such that AR = k·AD and AC is parallel to BR.

    1. ((i))

      Show that k=53k=\dfrac{5}{3}.

      Answer

    2. ((ii))

      Find the ratio area of triangle ABD : area of triangle RBD.

      Answer ...

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Worked solution

27((a))

1. Convert the given condition into a ratio and express $\overrightarrow{BC}$.

Since 3BD=2DC3BD=2DC,
BD:DC=2:3.BD:DC=2:3.
Also,
BC→=BA→+AC→=−m+n=n−m.\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}=-\mathbf m+\mathbf n=\mathbf n-\mathbf m.

2. Find $\overrightarrow{BD}$ and hence $\overrightarrow{AD}$.

Since DD divides BCBC in the ratio 2:32:3,
BD→=25BC→=25(n−m).\overrightarrow{BD}=\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{2}{5}(\mathbf n-\mathbf m).
Hence
AD→=AB→+BD→\overrightarrow{AD}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BD}
=m+25(n−m)=\mathbf m+\frac{2}{5}(\mathbf n-\mathbf m)
=35m+25n.=\frac{3}{5}\mathbf m+\frac{2}{5}\mathbf n.

Answer

AD→=3m+2n5\overrightarrow{AD}=\frac{3\mathbf m+2\mathbf n}{5}

27((b))((i))

1. Express \(\overrightarrow{AR}\) in terms of \(\mathbf m\), \(\mathbf n\), and \(k\) using the result from part (a).

From part (a),
AD→=3m+2n5.\overrightarrow{AD}=\frac{3\mathbf m+2\mathbf n}{5}.
Since AR→=kAD→,\overrightarrow{AR}=k\overrightarrow{AD},
AR→=k(3m+2n)5.\overrightarrow{AR}=\frac{k(3\mathbf m+2\mathbf n)}{5}.

2. Form \(\overrightarrow{BR}\) using a vector route from \(B\) to \(R\).

BR→=BA→+AR→\overrightarrow{BR}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AR}
Since AB→=m,\overrightarrow{AB}=\mathbf m,
BA→=−m.\overrightarrow{BA}=-\mathbf m.
Hence
BR→=−m+k(3m+2n)5\overrightarrow{BR}=-\mathbf m+\frac{k(3\mathbf m+2\mathbf n)}{5}
=(3k5−1)m+2k5n.=\left(\frac{3k}{5}-1\right)\mathbf m+\frac{2k}{5}\mathbf n.

3. Use the parallel condition \(BR \parallel AC\) to determine \(k\).

Since AC∥BRAC\parallel BR and AC→=n,\overrightarrow{AC}=\mathbf n, (\overrightarrow{BR}) must be a multiple of (\mathbf n).

Therefore the coefficient of (\mathbf m) in (\overrightarrow{BR}) is zero:
3k5−1=0\frac{3k}{5}-1=0
3k5=1\frac{3k}{5}=1
k=53.k=\frac{5}{3}.

Answer

k=53k=\frac{5}{3}

27((b))((ii))

1. Use the position of R on AD produced to compare the relevant heights.

From part (b)(i),
AR=53AD.AR=\frac{5}{3}AD.
Since RR is on ADAD produced,
RD=AR−AD=53AD−AD=23AD.RD=AR-AD=\frac{5}{3}AD-AD=\frac{2}{3}AD.
Triangles ABDABD and RBDRBD have the same base BDBD. Their perpendicular heights to BDBD are proportional to ADAD and RDRD because A,D,RA,D,R are collinear.

Hence
area of △ABD:area of △RBD=AD:RD=AD:23AD=3:2.\text{area of }\triangle ABD : \text{area of }\triangle RBD=AD:RD=AD:\frac{2}{3}AD=3:2.

Answer

area of △ABD:area of △RBD=3:2\text{area of }\triangle ABD : \text{area of }\triangle RBD = 3:2

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