The graph below shows the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x).

  1. (i)

    Sketch on the same diagram the graph of y=f−1(x)y=f^{-1}(x), clearly stating the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the axes. State also the geometrical relationship between these two graphs.

  2. (ii)

    The function gg is defined by g:x↦x2+6x+5g:x\mapsto x^{2}+6x+5, x∈Rx\in\mathbb{R}. Find the range of the composite function fgfg.

  3. (iii)

    It is given that fg(a)=0fg(a)=0. Find the value of g(a)g(a), where aa is a negative constant.

  4. (iv)

    The function hh is defined by h:x↦x2+6x+5h:x\mapsto x^{2}+6x+5, x∈Rx\in\mathbb{R}, x<−4x<-4. Find h−1h^{-1} and state the domain of h−1h^{-1}.

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Worked solution

7(i)

1. Determine the axial intercepts and asymptote for $y = f^{-1}(x)$.

The points (−4,0)(-4, 0) and (0,3)(0, 3) on the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x) correspond to the points (0,−4)(0, -4) and (3,0)(3, 0) on the graph of y=f−1(x)y=f^{-1}(x).
The horizontal asymptote y=4y=4 for f(x)f(x) corresponds to the vertical asymptote x=4x=4 for f−1(x)f^{-1}(x).

2. Sketch the graph of $y=f^{-1}(x)$.

Draw a smooth curve that passes through the y-intercept at (0,−4)(0, -4) and the x-intercept at (3,0)(3, 0). As xx approaches 44 from the left, the curve should rise steeply, approaching the vertical line x=4x=4 asymptotically.

3. State the geometrical relationship between the two graphs.

The graph of y=f−1(x)y = f^{-1}(x) is the reflection of the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x) in the line y=xy=x.

Answer

Intercepts: (0,−4)(0, -4) and (3,0)(3, 0)
Asymptote: x=4x=4
Relationship: The graph of y=f−1(x)y=f^{-1}(x) is the reflection of the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x) in the line y=xy=x.
(A sketch of the curve passing through these intercepts and approaching x=4x=4 asymptotically from the left is drawn on the same diagram)

7(ii)

1. Find the range of the inner function $g(x)$.

By completing the square for g(x)g(x):
g(x)=x2+6x+5g(x) = x^2 + 6x + 5
g(x)=(x+3)2−9+5g(x) = (x + 3)^2 - 9 + 5
g(x)=(x+3)2−4g(x) = (x + 3)^2 - 4
Since (x+3)2≥0(x + 3)^2 \ge 0 for all real xx, the range of gg is g(x)≥−4g(x) \ge -4.

2. Determine the range of the composite function by observing the graph of $f(x)$ over the restricted domain.

For the composite function fg(x)fg(x), the range of gg acts as the domain for ff. Thus, we need to find the range of f(x)f(x) for x≥−4x \ge -4.
From the given graph, f(−4)=0f(-4) = 0.
As xx increases from −4-4, the curve strictly rises and approaches the horizontal asymptote y=4y = 4 from below.
Therefore, the values of f(x)f(x) start from 00 and go up to, but do not include, 44.

Answer

0≤fg(x)<40 \le fg(x) < 4 (or [0,4)[0, 4))

7(iii)

1. Identify the root of $f(x) = 0$ from the given graph.

From the graph of y=f(x)y = f(x), the curve crosses the xx-axis at the point (−4,0)(-4, 0).
Therefore, the only solution to f(x)=0f(x) = 0 is x=−4x = -4.

2. Use the root to find the value of $g(a)$.

We are given that fg(a)=0fg(a) = 0, which means f(g(a))=0f(g(a)) = 0.
Comparing this with f(−4)=0f(-4) = 0, the input to ff must be −4-4.
Thus, g(a)=−4g(a) = -4.

(Note: Checking for consistency, g(a)=a2+6a+5=−4  ⟹  (a+3)2=0  ⟹  a=−3g(a) = a^2 + 6a + 5 = -4 \implies (a+3)^2 = 0 \implies a = -3, which aligns with the condition that aa is a negative constant.)

Answer

−4-4

7(iv)

1. Express $x$ in terms of $y$ by completing the square for the quadratic expression.

Let y=h(x)=x2+6x+5y = h(x) = x^2 + 6x + 5.
Completing the square:
y=(x+3)2−32+5y = (x+3)^2 - 3^2 + 5
y=(x+3)2−4y = (x+3)^2 - 4
(x+3)2=y+4(x+3)^2 = y + 4
x+3=±y+4x+3 = \pm\sqrt{y+4}
x=−3±y+4x = -3 \pm\sqrt{y+4}

2. Determine the correct sign for the inverse function using the given domain of $h$.

The domain of hh is x<−4x < -4.
This implies x+3<−1x + 3 < -1, which is negative.
Therefore, we must choose the negative square root to satisfy this condition:
x=−3−y+4x = -3 - \sqrt{y+4}
So, h−1(x)=−3−x+4h^{-1}(x) = -3 - \sqrt{x+4}.

3. Find the domain of $h^{-1}$ by determining the range of $h$.

The domain of h−1h^{-1} is equal to the range of hh.
For x<−4x < -4:
x+3<−1x+3 < -1
(x+3)2>1(x+3)^2 > 1
(x+3)2−4>1−4(x+3)^2 - 4 > 1 - 4
h(x)>−3h(x) > -3
Since the range of hh is h(x)>−3h(x) > -3, the domain of h−1h^{-1} is x>−3x > -3.

Answer

h−1(x)=−3−x+4h^{-1}(x) = -3 - \sqrt{x+4}, Domain: x>−3x > -3

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