The region RR is bounded by the lines y=0y=0, y=523y=\dfrac{5}{2}\sqrt{3} and the curve x2=25−y2x^2 = 25 - y^2. RR is rotated about the y-axis through π\pi radians. Using the substitution y=5sin⁡θy = 5\sin\theta, find the exact volume generated.

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Worked solution

3

1. Set up the volume integral for a rotation of $\pi$ radians.

The solid is generated by rotating the region RR through π\pi radians (half a revolution) about the yy-axis. The volume generated is half of the standard volume of revolution for a full 2π2\pi rotation.
V=12∫y1y2πx2 dyV = \frac{1}{2} \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \pi x^2 \, dy
V=π2∫0523(25−y2) dyV = \frac{\pi}{2} \int_0^{\frac{5}{2}\sqrt{3}} (25 - y^2) \, dy

2. Differentiate the substitution and determine the new limits of integration.

Using the given substitution y=5sin⁡θy = 5\sin\theta:
dydθ=5cos⁡θ  ⟹  dy=5cos⁡θ dθ\frac{dy}{d\theta} = 5\cos\theta \implies dy = 5\cos\theta \, d\theta
Finding the new limits:
When y=0y = 0, 5sin⁡θ=0  ⟹  θ=05\sin\theta = 0 \implies \theta = 0
When y=523y = \frac{5}{2}\sqrt{3}, 5sin⁡θ=523  ⟹  sin⁡θ=32  ⟹  θ=π35\sin\theta = \frac{5}{2}\sqrt{3} \implies \sin\theta = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{3}

3. Apply the substitution to the volume integral and simplify.

Substitute into the volume integral:
V=π2∫0π3[25−(5sin⁡θ)2](5cos⁡θ) dθV = \frac{\pi}{2} \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \left[25 - (5\sin\theta)^2\right] (5\cos\theta) \, d\theta
V=π2∫0π325(1−sin⁡2θ)(5cos⁡θ) dθV = \frac{\pi}{2} \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}} 25(1 - \sin^2\theta) (5\cos\theta) \, d\theta
V=125π2∫0π3cos⁡2θ⋅cos⁡θ dθV = \frac{125\pi}{2} \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \cos^2\theta \cdot \cos\theta \, d\theta
V=125π2∫0π3cos⁡3θ dθV = \frac{125\pi}{2} \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \cos^3\theta \, d\theta

4. Evaluate the trigonometric integral to find the exact volume.

Evaluate the integral by splitting cos⁡3θ=cos⁡θ(1−sin⁡2θ)\cos^3\theta = \cos\theta(1 - \sin^2\theta):
V=125π2∫0π3(cos⁡θ−sin⁡2θcos⁡θ) dθV = \frac{125\pi}{2} \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}} (\cos\theta - \sin^2\theta\cos\theta) \, d\theta
V=125π2[sin⁡θ−13sin⁡3θ]0π3V = \frac{125\pi}{2} \left[ \sin\theta - \frac{1}{3}\sin^3\theta \right]_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}}
V=125π2[(sin⁡π3−13sin⁡3π3)−(0)]V = \frac{125\pi}{2} \left[ \left(\sin\frac{\pi}{3} - \frac{1}{3}\sin^3\frac{\pi}{3}\right) - (0) \right]
V=125π2[32−13(32)3]V = \frac{125\pi}{2} \left[ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^3 \right]
V=125π2(32−3324)V = \frac{125\pi}{2} \left( \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{24} \right)
V=125π2(338)=375316πV = \frac{125\pi}{2} \left( \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{8} \right) = \frac{375\sqrt{3}}{16}\pi

Answer

375316π\frac{375\sqrt{3}}{16}\pi

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