The function is defined by .
- (i)
Sketch the graph of and show that has an inverse.
- (ii)
Find and state its domain.
- (iii)
Write down the equation of the line in which the graph of must be reflected in order to obtain the graph of and hence find the exact solution of the equation .
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Worked solution
12(i)
1. Identify the asymptotes of the graph for the given domain.
For :
As , the denominator and the numerator , so .
Thus, the vertical asymptote is .
As , .
Thus, the horizontal asymptote is .
2. Sketch the graph of $\mathrm{f}$ restricted to the domain.
Using a graphing calculator or by analyzing the behavior, we sketch the curve for .
The graph is a single smooth curve in the first quadrant, strictly decreasing from the vertical asymptote towards the horizontal asymptote (the -axis).
(The sketch must strictly start to the right of , with axes and asymptotes , labeled.)
3. Show that the function has an inverse by referring to its graph.
From the sketched graph, any horizontal line intersects the curve at most once.
By the Horizontal Line Test, is a one-to-one function.
Therefore, has an inverse.
(Graph sketched with asymptotes and )
Since any horizontal line intersects the graph at most once, is one-to-one and hence has an inverse.
12(ii)
1. Set up the equation $y = \mathrm{f}(x)$ and rearrange it to form a quadratic equation in $x$.
Let .
2. Solve for $x$ in terms of $y$ using the quadratic formula.
3. Determine the correct sign for the inverse function using the domain of $\mathrm{f}$.
Since the domain of is , we must have .
For , , so , which would result in a negative .
Thus, we reject the negative root.
4. Determine the range of $\mathrm{f}$ to state the domain of $\mathrm{f}^{-1}$.
The domain of is the range of .
For , and , so .
As , .
As , .
Therefore, the range of is .
The domain of is .
, domain:
12(iii)
1. State the equation of the line of reflection between a function and its inverse.
The graph of must be reflected in the line to obtain the graph of .
2. Set up the equation to find the solution, using the 'hence' method.
Since the graphs intersect on the line of reflection, the solution to is the same as the solution to .
3. Solve the equation for $x$ and reject invalid roots using the domain of $\mathrm{f}$.
Since the domain of is , we reject and .
Line of reflection:
Exact solution:
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