A confectionary bakes 20 banana cakes, 50 chocolate cakes and 30 durian cakes every day. The total price of 1 banana cake, 1 chocolate cake and 1 durian cake is $29.50. On a particular day, at 7 pm, the confectionary has collected $730 from the sales of the cakes, and there were half the banana cakes, one-tenth of the chocolate cakes and one third of the durian cakes left. In order to sell as many cakes as possible, all cakes were discounted by 40% from their respective selling price from 7 pm onwards. By closing time, all the cakes were sold and the total revenue for the entire day was $880. Determine the selling price of each type of cake before discount.

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Worked solution

1

1. Define variables and formulate an equation for the total price of one of each cake.

Let xx, yy, and zz be the selling price of a banana cake, chocolate cake, and durian cake respectively.
x+y+z=29.50— (1)x + y + z = 29.50 \quad \text{--- (1)}

2. Calculate the number of cakes sold by 7 pm and formulate an equation for the revenue collected.

Number of cakes left at 7 pm:
Banana: 12×20=10\frac{1}{2} \times 20 = 10
Chocolate: 110×50=5\frac{1}{10} \times 50 = 5
Durian: 13×30=10\frac{1}{3} \times 30 = 10

Number of cakes sold by 7 pm:
Banana: 20−10=1020 - 10 = 10
Chocolate: 50−5=4550 - 5 = 45
Durian: 30−10=2030 - 10 = 20

10x+45y+20z=730— (2)10x + 45y + 20z = 730 \quad \text{--- (2)}

3. Calculate the number of cakes sold after 7 pm, apply the 40% discount, and formulate an equation for the remaining revenue.

Revenue collected after 7 pm =$880−$730=$150= \char36{}880 - \char36{}730 = \char36{}150.
The remaining cakes are sold at a 40%40\% discount, which means they are sold at 60%60\% (0.60.6) of their original price.

10(0.6x)+5(0.6y)+10(0.6z)=15010(0.6x) + 5(0.6y) + 10(0.6z) = 150
6x+3y+6z=1506x + 3y + 6z = 150
Dividing by 3:
2x+y+2z=50— (3)2x + y + 2z = 50 \quad \text{--- (3)}

4. Solve the system of three linear equations algebraically to find the original prices.

From (3), we can express yy in terms of xx and zz:
2(x+z)+y=502(x + z) + y = 50
From (1), we know x+z=29.5−yx + z = 29.5 - y.
Substitute this into the expression from (3):
2(29.5−y)+y=502(29.5 - y) + y = 50
59−2y+y=5059 - 2y + y = 50
y=9y = 9

Substitute y=9y = 9 into (1) and (2):
x+z=29.5−9  ⟹  x+z=20.5— (4)x + z = 29.5 - 9 \implies x + z = 20.5 \quad \text{--- (4)}
10x+45(9)+20z=73010x + 45(9) + 20z = 730
10x+405+20z=73010x + 405 + 20z = 730
10x+20z=32510x + 20z = 325
Divide by 10:
x+2z=32.5— (5)x + 2z = 32.5 \quad \text{--- (5)}

Subtract (4) from (5):
(x+2z)−(x+z)=32.5−20.5(x + 2z) - (x + z) = 32.5 - 20.5
z=12z = 12

Substitute z=12z = 12 into (4):
x+12=20.5x + 12 = 20.5
x=8.5x = 8.5

Answer

Banana cake: $8.50\char36{}8.50
Chocolate cake: $9.00\char36{}9.00
Durian cake: $12.00\char36{}12.00

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