Packets of a particular brand of potato chips are delivered to a supermarket in boxes of 60. On average, 1.8 packets in a box are underweight. The number of underweight packets from a randomly chosen box is the random variable . Assume that has a binomial distribution.
- (i)
Use a suitable approximation to find the probability that two randomly chosen boxes of potato chips contain more than 6 packets of underweight potato chips. State the parameter(s) of the distribution that you use.
- (ii)
A batch of 50 boxes of potato chips is delivered to the supermarket.
Use a suitable approximation to find the probability that the mean number of underweight packets per box is more than 2.
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Worked solution
6(i)
1. Determine the exact distribution of the number of underweight packets in two boxes.
Let be the number of underweight packets in a box of 60. We are given .
Since the mean is , we have .
Let be the number of underweight packets in two randomly chosen boxes ().
Assuming the boxes are independent, the exact distribution is .
2. State the suitable approximation and its parameter.
For , since is large () and is small such that , the Poisson approximation is a mathematically suitable approximation.
Thus, .
The parameter of the distribution used is the mean .
3. Calculate the required probability using the approximation.
We want to find the probability that there are more than 6 underweight packets, which is .
Using a graphing calculator for the Poisson distribution with :
Parameter:
Probability
6(ii)
1. Find the variance of the number of underweight packets in a box, $X$.
Since and ,
2. State the approximate distribution of the sample mean $\bar{X}$ using the Central Limit Theorem.
Let be the sample mean number of underweight packets per box for 50 boxes.
Since the sample size is large (), by the Central Limit Theorem,
approximately.
3. Calculate the required probability.
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