Write down and simplify the first three terms in the expansion, in descending powers of x, of (2−3x)8\left(2 - \dfrac{3}{x}\right)^8. Given that there is no x term in the expansion of (1−2x−kx2)(2−3x)8(1 - 2x - kx^2)\left(2 - \dfrac{3}{x}\right)^8, find the constant term in the expansion.

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Worked solution

5(a)

1. Apply the binomial theorem to write the first three terms

(2−3x)8=28+(81)27(−3x)+(82)26(−3x)2+…\left(2 - \frac{3}{x}\right)^8 = 2^8 + \binom{8}{1}2^7\left(-\frac{3}{x}\right) + \binom{8}{2}2^6\left(-\frac{3}{x}\right)^2 + \dots

2. Simplify the terms

=256+8(128)(−3x)+28(64)(9x2)+…= 256 + 8(128)\left(-\frac{3}{x}\right) + 28(64)\left(\frac{9}{x^2}\right) + \dots
=256−3072x+16128x2= 256 - \frac{3072}{x} + \frac{16128}{x^2}

Answer

256−3072x+16128x2256 - \frac{3072}{x} + \frac{16128}{x^2}

5(b)

1. Find the first three terms of the expansion of $\left(2 - \frac{3}{x}\right)^8$ from part (a).

The first three terms in descending powers of xx are:
(80)28+(81)27(−3x)+(82)26(−3x)2\binom{8}{0}2^8 + \binom{8}{1}2^7\left(-\frac{3}{x}\right) + \binom{8}{2}2^6\left(-\frac{3}{x}\right)^2
=256−3072x+16128x2= 256 - \frac{3072}{x} + \frac{16128}{x^2}

2. Form an equation for the coefficient of $x$ in the product and solve for $k$.

The expansion is (1−2x−kx2)(256−3072x+16128x2+… )(1 - 2x - kx^2)\left(256 - \frac{3072}{x} + \frac{16128}{x^2} + \dots\right).
The xx term is formed by:
(−2x)(256)+(−kx2)(−3072x)=−512x+3072kx(-2x)(256) + (-kx^2)\left(-\frac{3072}{x}\right) = -512x + 3072kx
Given there is no xx term:
−512+3072k=0-512 + 3072k = 0
3072k=512  ⟹  k=163072k = 512 \implies k = \frac{1}{6}

3. Calculate the constant term using the value of $k$.

The constant term is formed by:
(1)(256)+(−2x)(−3072x)+(−kx2)(16128x2)(1)(256) + (-2x)\left(-\frac{3072}{x}\right) + (-kx^2)\left(\frac{16128}{x^2}\right)
=256+6144−16128k= 256 + 6144 - 16128k
Substitute k=16k = \frac{1}{6}:
=6400−16128(16)= 6400 - 16128\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)
=6400−2688=3712= 6400 - 2688 = 3712

Answer

37123712

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