The diagram shows a goat tied to a pole at A.
The length of the rope attached to the goat is 6 m.
A is due west of the centre of the circle, O.

  1. (a)

    Measure the bearing of the goat from A.

    Answer ... °

  2. (b)

    The circle represents a grass patch of radius 4.5 m.

    Find the probability that the goat is in the grass patch.

    Answer ...

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Worked solution

23(b)

1. Identify the two circles and find the angles needed for the intersecting sectors

Let the two circles intersect at PP and QQ.

For the circle centred at AA, radius 66 m.
For the circle centred at OO, radius 4.54.5 m.
Also, AO=4.5AO=4.5 m.

In triangle AOPAOP,
AP=6,OP=4.5,AO=4.5.AP=6,\quad OP=4.5,\quad AO=4.5.

Using the cosine rule at AA,
cos⁡∠OAP=62+4.52−4.522(6)(4.5)=23\cos \angle OAP=\frac{6^2+4.5^2-4.5^2}{2(6)(4.5)}=\frac{2}{3}
∠OAP=48.19∘.\angle OAP=48.19^\circ.

So the sector angle at AA is
2(48.19∘)=96.38∘.2(48.19^\circ)=96.38^\circ.

Using the cosine rule at OO,
cos⁡∠AOP=4.52+4.52−622(4.5)(4.5)=19\cos \angle AOP=\frac{4.5^2+4.5^2-6^2}{2(4.5)(4.5)}=\frac{1}{9}
∠AOP=83.62∘.\angle AOP=83.62^\circ.

So the sector angle at OO is
2(83.62∘)=167.24∘.2(83.62^\circ)=167.24^\circ.

2. Find the overlapping area of the goat's reachable region and the grass patch

Area of overlap
=sector at A+sector at O−two triangles.=\text{sector at }A+\text{sector at }O-\text{two triangles}.

sector at A=96.38360π(6)2\text{sector at }A=\frac{96.38}{360}\pi(6)^2

sector at O=167.24360π(4.5)2\text{sector at }O=\frac{167.24}{360}\pi(4.5)^2

Area of triangle with sides 6,66,6 and included angle 96.38∘96.38^\circ:
12(6)(6)sin⁡96.38∘\frac12(6)(6)\sin 96.38^\circ

Area of triangle with sides 4.5,4.54.5,4.5 and included angle 167.24∘167.24^\circ:
12(4.5)(4.5)sin⁡167.24∘\frac12(4.5)(4.5)\sin 167.24^\circ

Hence
overlap area\text{overlap area}
=96.38360π(6)2+167.24360π(4.5)2−12(6)(6)sin⁡96.38∘−12(4.5)(4.5)sin⁡167.24∘=\frac{96.38}{360}\pi(6)^2+\frac{167.24}{360}\pi(4.5)^2-\frac12(6)(6)\sin 96.38^\circ-\frac12(4.5)(4.5)\sin 167.24^\circ
=39.7 m2 approximately.=39.7\text{ m}^2\text{ approximately}.

3. Divide by the total possible area the goat can reach

Total area the goat can reach:
π(6)2=36π.\pi(6)^2=36\pi.

Therefore,
Probability=39.736π=0.351 approximately.\text{Probability}=\frac{39.7}{36\pi}=0.351\text{ approximately}.

Answer

0.3510.351

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