A curve has equation y=ax+b+cx2−1y = ax + b + \frac{c}{x^2 - 1}, where aa, bb and cc are real constants. It is given that the curve crosses the xx-axis at x=2x = 2. The normal to the curve at the point (0,3)(0, 3) meets the xx-axis at x=7.5x = 7.5. Find the values of aa, bb and cc.

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Worked solution

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1. Form an equation using the coordinates of the point on the normal.

Since the normal is drawn to the curve at the point (0,3)(0, 3), the point (0,3)(0, 3) must lie on the curve. Substitute x=0x = 0 and y=3y = 3 into the curve equation:
3=a(0)+b+c02−13 = a(0) + b + \frac{c}{0^2 - 1}
3=b−c  ⟹  c=b−33 = b - c \implies c = b - 3

2. Form an equation using the $x$-intercept of the curve.

The curve crosses the xx-axis at x=2x = 2, meaning it passes through (2,0)(2, 0). Substitute x=2x = 2 and y=0y = 0 into the curve equation:
0=a(2)+b+c22−10 = a(2) + b + \frac{c}{2^2 - 1}
0=2a+b+c30 = 2a + b + \frac{c}{3}
6a+3b+c=06a + 3b + c = 0

3. Calculate the gradient of the normal and deduce the gradient of the tangent at $x = 0$.

The normal passes through the points (0,3)(0, 3) and (7.5,0)(7.5, 0).
Gradient of normal=0−37.5−0=−37.5=−25\text{Gradient of normal} = \frac{0 - 3}{7.5 - 0} = -\frac{3}{7.5} = -\frac{2}{5}
Let mm be the gradient of the tangent at x=0x = 0. Since the tangent and normal are perpendicular:
m×(−25)=−1  ⟹  m=52m \times \left(-\frac{2}{5}\right) = -1 \implies m = \frac{5}{2}

4. Find $\frac{dy}{dx}$ and use the gradient of the tangent to find $a$.

Differentiate the curve equation with respect to xx:
y=ax+b+c(x2−1)−1y = ax + b + c(x^2 - 1)^{-1}
dydx=a−c(x2−1)−2(2x)=a−2cx(x2−1)2\frac{dy}{dx} = a - c(x^2 - 1)^{-2}(2x) = a - \frac{2cx}{(x^2 - 1)^2}
At x=0x = 0, the gradient of the tangent is dydx=m\frac{dy}{dx} = m:
a−2c(0)(02−1)2=52a - \frac{2c(0)}{(0^2 - 1)^2} = \frac{5}{2}
a=52a = \frac{5}{2}

5. Solve the simultaneous equations to find $b$ and $c$.

Substitute a=52a = \frac{5}{2} and c=b−3c = b - 3 into the equation 6a+3b+c=06a + 3b + c = 0:
6(52)+3b+(b−3)=06\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) + 3b + (b - 3) = 0
15+4b−3=015 + 4b - 3 = 0
12+4b=0  ⟹  4b=−12  ⟹  b=−312 + 4b = 0 \implies 4b = -12 \implies b = -3
Substitute b=−3b = -3 into c=b−3c = b - 3:
c=−3−3=−6c = -3 - 3 = -6

Answer

a = \frac{5}{2}, b = -3, c = -6

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