[Cambridge/2003]
Sketch the curve with parametric equations
x=3t,y=3t.x = 3t, \quad y = \frac{3}{t}.
The point PP on the curve has parameter t=2t = 2. The normal at PP meets the curve again at the point QQ.

  1. (i)

    Show that the normal at PP has equation 2y=8x−452y = 8x - 45.

  2. (ii)

    Find the value of tt at QQ.

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Worked solution

Q8(i)

1. Calculate the coordinates of point $P$ by substituting $t=2$.

x=3(2)=6x = 3(2) = 6
y=32y = \frac{3}{2}
So, PP is (6,32)\left(6, \frac{3}{2}\right).

2. Find the derivative $\frac{dy}{dx}$ using the parametric equations.

dxdt=3\frac{dx}{dt} = 3
dydt=−3t2\frac{dy}{dt} = -\frac{3}{t^2}
dydx=dydtdxdt=−3t23=−1t2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\frac{dy}{dt}}{\frac{dx}{dt}} = \frac{-\frac{3}{t^2}}{3} = -\frac{1}{t^2}

3. Evaluate the gradient of the curve and use it to find the gradient of the normal at $t=2$.

Gradient of tangent at t=2t=2:
mt=−122=−14m_t = -\frac{1}{2^2} = -\frac{1}{4}

Gradient of normal mnm_n satisfies mtmn=−1m_t m_n = -1:
mn=−1−14=4m_n = -\frac{1}{-\frac{1}{4}} = 4

4. Form the equation of the normal using point $P$ and the normal gradient.

Using the point-slope form y−y1=mn(x−x1)y - y_1 = m_n(x - x_1):
y−32=4(x−6)y - \frac{3}{2} = 4(x - 6)
Multiply the entire equation by 2:
2y−3=8(x−6)2y - 3 = 8(x - 6)
2y−3=8x−482y - 3 = 8x - 48
2y=8x−45 (Shown)2y = 8x - 45 \text{ (Shown)}

Answer

2y = 8x - 45

Q8(ii)

1. Substitute the parametric equations of the curve into the equation of the normal.

Substitute x=3tx = 3t and y=3ty = \frac{3}{t} into the normal equation 2y=8x−452y = 8x - 45:
2(3t)=8(3t)−452\left(\frac{3}{t}\right) = 8(3t) - 45

2. Rearrange the equation into a standard quadratic form.

6t=24t−45\frac{6}{t} = 24t - 45
Multiplying the entire equation by tt (since t≠0t \neq 0) and rearranging terms:
24t2−45t−6=024t^2 - 45t - 6 = 0
Dividing by 3 to simplify:
8t2−15t−2=08t^2 - 15t - 2 = 0

3. Solve the quadratic equation to find the value of $t$ at $Q$.

Factorising the quadratic equation:
(8t+1)(t−2)=0(8t + 1)(t - 2) = 0
This gives t=−18t = -\frac{1}{8} or t=2t = 2.

Since t=2t = 2 corresponds to the given point PP, the value of tt at the intersection point QQ is −18-\frac{1}{8}.

Answer

t=−18t = -\frac{1}{8}

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