A curve CC has equation y=px+qx−ln⁡(rx)y = px + \sqrt{qx} - \ln(rx), where pp, qq and rr are constants. Given that CC crosses the xx-axis at the points where x=1x = 1, x=2x = 2 and x=5x = 5, find the values of pp, qq and rr, giving your answers correct to 3 decimal places.

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Worked solution

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1. Substitute the given $x$-intercepts into the equation to form three equations.

Since the curve crosses the xx-axis at x=1,2x = 1, 2 and 55, we set y=0y = 0 for each coordinate:
p(1)+q(1)−ln⁡(r⋅1)=0p(1) + \sqrt{q(1)} - \ln(r \cdot 1) = 0
p(2)+q(2)−ln⁡(r⋅2)=0p(2) + \sqrt{q(2)} - \ln(r \cdot 2) = 0
p(5)+q(5)−ln⁡(r⋅5)=0p(5) + \sqrt{q(5)} - \ln(r \cdot 5) = 0

2. Manipulate the equations using properties of surds and logarithms to form a system of linear equations.

Using the properties ab=ab\sqrt{ab} = \sqrt{a}\sqrt{b} and ln⁡(ab)=ln⁡a+ln⁡b\ln(ab) = \ln a + \ln b:
p+q−ln⁡r=0— (1)p + \sqrt{q} - \ln r = 0 \quad \text{--- (1)}
2p+2q−(ln⁡2+ln⁡r)=0  ⟹  2p+2q−ln⁡r=ln⁡2— (2)2p + \sqrt{2}\sqrt{q} - (\ln 2 + \ln r) = 0 \implies 2p + \sqrt{2}\sqrt{q} - \ln r = \ln 2 \quad \text{--- (2)}
5p+5q−(ln⁡5+ln⁡r)=0  ⟹  5p+5q−ln⁡r=ln⁡5— (3)5p + \sqrt{5}\sqrt{q} - (\ln 5 + \ln r) = 0 \implies 5p + \sqrt{5}\sqrt{q} - \ln r = \ln 5 \quad \text{--- (3)}
We now have a system of linear equations with variables pp, q\sqrt{q}, and ln⁡r\ln r.

3. Solve the linear system using a graphing calculator.

Entering the coefficients into the simultaneous equation solver on a graphing calculator:
p≈−0.451835p \approx -0.451835
q≈2.764232\sqrt{q} \approx 2.764232
ln⁡r≈2.312397\ln r \approx 2.312397

4. Calculate the final values of $q$ and $r$, and round all answers to 3 decimal places.

p≈−0.452p \approx -0.452
q=(q)2≈(2.764232)2≈7.64098≈7.641q = (\sqrt{q})^2 \approx (2.764232)^2 \approx 7.64098 \approx 7.641
r=eln⁡r≈e2.312397≈10.0986≈10.099r = e^{\ln r} \approx e^{2.312397} \approx 10.0986 \approx 10.099

Answer

p=−0.452p = -0.452, q=7.641q = 7.641, r=10.099r = 10.099

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