Let f(x) be a cubic polynomial where f(2) = 6 and f(-1) = 15. Also, f(x) takes on stationary values at x = -2 and x = 1. Find f(x).

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Worked solution

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1. Express the derivative $f'(x)$ using the given stationary points.

Since f(x)f(x) is a cubic polynomial, its derivative f′(x)f'(x) is a quadratic polynomial. Stationary values occur at x=−2x = -2 and x=1x = 1, so these are the roots of f′(x)=0f'(x) = 0.
f′(x)=k(x+2)(x−1)f'(x) = k(x+2)(x-1)
f′(x)=k(x2+x−2)f'(x) = k(x^2 + x - 2)

2. Integrate $f'(x)$ to find the general form of $f(x)$.

f(x)=∫k(x2+x−2) dxf(x) = \int k(x^2 + x - 2) \, dx
f(x)=k(x33+x22−2x)+cf(x) = k\left( \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{x^2}{2} - 2x \right) + c

3. Substitute the given points to form a system of simultaneous equations.

Substitute f(2)=6f(2) = 6:
k(83+42−4)+c=6k\left( \frac{8}{3} + \frac{4}{2} - 4 \right) + c = 6
23k+c=6— (1)\frac{2}{3}k + c = 6 \quad \text{--- (1)}

Substitute f(−1)=15f(-1) = 15:
k(−13+12−2(−1))+c=15k\left( -\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{2} - 2(-1) \right) + c = 15
136k+c=15— (2)\frac{13}{6}k + c = 15 \quad \text{--- (2)}

4. Solve the equations for $k$ and $c$, then write the final expression for $f(x)$.

Subtract (1) from (2):
(136−46)k=15−6\left( \frac{13}{6} - \frac{4}{6} \right)k = 15 - 6
96k=9  ⟹  k=6\frac{9}{6}k = 9 \implies k = 6

Substitute k=6k = 6 into (1):
23(6)+c=6\frac{2}{3}(6) + c = 6
4+c=6  ⟹  c=24 + c = 6 \implies c = 2

Thus,
f(x)=6(x33+x22−2x)+2f(x) = 6\left( \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{x^2}{2} - 2x \right) + 2
f(x)=2x3+3x2−12x+2f(x) = 2x^3 + 3x^2 - 12x + 2

Answer

f(x)=2x3+3x2−12x+2f(x) = 2x^3 + 3x^2 - 12x + 2

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