Solve the inequality 24(x+1)2+1>1\dfrac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1} > 1. Hence find ∫−13−22∣1−24(x+1)2+1∣ dx\displaystyle \int_{-1}^{\frac{\sqrt{3}-2}{2}} \left|1 - \dfrac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1}\right|\,dx, leaving your answer in exact form.

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Worked solution

2

1. Solve the rational inequality by clearing the denominator.

Since 4(x+1)2+1≥1>04(x+1)^2 + 1 \geq 1 > 0 for all real xx, we can multiply both sides by 4(x+1)2+14(x+1)^2 + 1 without changing the inequality sign:
2>4(x+1)2+12 > 4(x+1)^2 + 1
1>4(x2+2x+1)1 > 4(x^2 + 2x + 1)
4x2+8x+3<04x^2 + 8x + 3 < 0
(2x+1)(2x+3)<0(2x+1)(2x+3) < 0
So the solution is −32<x<−12-\frac{3}{2} < x < -\frac{1}{2}.

2. Deduce the sign of the expression inside the absolute value for the definite integral.

From the result above, 24(x+1)2+1>1  ⟹  1−24(x+1)2+1<0\frac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1} > 1 \implies 1 - \frac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1} < 0 specifically when −32<x<−12-\frac{3}{2} < x < -\frac{1}{2}.

Thus, over the integral limits:
For x∈[−1,−12)x \in \left[-1, -\frac{1}{2}\right), 1−24(x+1)2+1<01 - \frac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1} < 0.
For x∈[−12,3−22]x \in \left[-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}-2}{2}\right], 1−24(x+1)2+1≥01 - \frac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1} \geq 0.

Hence, the integral must be split at x=−12x = -\frac{1}{2}.

3. Find the indefinite integral of the rational function.

∫24(x+1)2+1 dx=∫2(2x+2)2+1 dx\int \frac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1} \,dx = \int \frac{2}{(2x+2)^2+1} \,dx
By applying the standard integral formula for 1u2+a2\frac{1}{u^2+a^2}, we obtain:
=arctan⁡(2x+2)+C= \arctan(2x+2) + C

4. Split and evaluate the definite integral for the first interval.

∫−1−12(24(x+1)2+1−1) dx\int_{-1}^{-\frac{1}{2}} \left( \frac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1} - 1 \right)\,dx
=[arctan⁡(2x+2)−x]−1−12= \Big[ \arctan(2x+2) - x \Big]_{-1}^{-\frac{1}{2}}
=(arctan⁡(1)−(−12))−(arctan⁡(0)−(−1))= \left( \arctan(1) - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) \right) - \Big( \arctan(0) - (-1) \Big)
=(π4+12)−(0+1)=π4−12= \left( \frac{\pi}{4} + \frac{1}{2} \right) - (0 + 1) = \frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{1}{2}

5. Evaluate the definite integral for the second interval.

∫−123−22(1−24(x+1)2+1) dx\int_{-\frac{1}{2}}^{\frac{\sqrt{3}-2}{2}} \left( 1 - \frac{2}{4(x+1)^2+1} \right)\,dx
=[x−arctan⁡(2x+2)]−123−22= \Big[ x - \arctan(2x+2) \Big]_{-\frac{1}{2}}^{\frac{\sqrt{3}-2}{2}}
=(3−22−arctan⁡(3))−(−12−arctan⁡(1))= \left( \frac{\sqrt{3}-2}{2} - \arctan(\sqrt{3}) \right) - \left( -\frac{1}{2} - \arctan(1) \right)
=(32−1−π3)−(−12−π4)= \left( \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - 1 - \frac{\pi}{3} \right) - \left( -\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\pi}{4} \right)
=32−12−π12= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\pi}{12}

6. Combine the results for the final exact answer.

Total Area=(π4−12)+(32−12−π12)\text{Total Area} = \left( \frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{1}{2} \right) + \left( \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\pi}{12} \right)
=32−1+2π12=32−1+π6= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - 1 + \frac{2\pi}{12} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - 1 + \frac{\pi}{6}

Answer

32−1+π6\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - 1 + \frac{\pi}{6}

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