Section A: Pure Mathematics [40 marks]

  1. (i)

    State the derivative of tan⁡(x3)\tan(x^3).

  2. (ii)

    Find ∫6x5sec⁡2(x3) dx\int 6x^5 \sec^2(x^3) \, dx.

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Worked solution

1(i)

1. Apply the chain rule to differentiate the function

Let y=tan⁡(x3)y = \tan(x^3).
Using the chain rule, we differentiate the outer trigonometric function and multiply it by the derivative of the inner polynomial:
dydx=sec⁡2(x3)⋅ddx(x3)\frac{dy}{dx} = \sec^2(x^3) \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(x^3)
dydx=3x2sec⁡2(x3)\frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 \sec^2(x^3)

Answer

3x2sec⁡2(x3)3x^2 \sec^2(x^3)

1(ii)

1. State the derivative from part (i) to identify parts for integration.

From part (i), we have ddx(tan⁡(x3))=3x2sec⁡2(x3)\frac{d}{dx}(\tan(x^3)) = 3x^2 \sec^2(x^3).
We split the integrand to prepare for integration by parts:
∫6x5sec⁡2(x3) dx=∫(2x3)⋅(3x2sec⁡2(x3)) dx\int 6x^5 \sec^2(x^3) \, dx = \int (2x^3) \cdot (3x^2 \sec^2(x^3)) \, dx

2. Apply integration by parts using the identified components.

Let u=2x3  ⟹  dudx=6x2u = 2x^3 \implies \frac{du}{dx} = 6x^2
Let dvdx=3x2sec⁡2(x3)  ⟹  v=tan⁡(x3)\frac{dv}{dx} = 3x^2 \sec^2(x^3) \implies v = \tan(x^3)
Using the integration by parts formula ∫udvdx dx=uv−∫vdudx dx\int u \frac{dv}{dx} \, dx = uv - \int v \frac{du}{dx} \, dx:
∫(2x3)⋅(3x2sec⁡2(x3)) dx=2x3tan⁡(x3)−∫tan⁡(x3)⋅6x2 dx\int (2x^3) \cdot (3x^2 \sec^2(x^3)) \, dx = 2x^3 \tan(x^3) - \int \tan(x^3) \cdot 6x^2 \, dx

3. Integrate the remaining term using the standard result for $\int \frac{\mathrm{f}'(x)}{\mathrm{f}(x)} \, dx$.

=2x3tan⁡(x3)−2∫3x2sin⁡(x3)cos⁡(x3) dx= 2x^3 \tan(x^3) - 2 \int \frac{3x^2 \sin(x^3)}{\cos(x^3)} \, dx
Recognising that the numerator is closely related to the derivative of the denominator (since ddx(cos⁡(x3))=−3x2sin⁡(x3)\frac{d}{dx}(\cos(x^3)) = -3x^2 \sin(x^3)):
=2x3tan⁡(x3)+2∫−3x2sin⁡(x3)cos⁡(x3) dx= 2x^3 \tan(x^3) + 2 \int \frac{-3x^2 \sin(x^3)}{\cos(x^3)} \, dx
=2x3tan⁡(x3)+2ln⁡∣cos⁡(x3)∣+C= 2x^3 \tan(x^3) + 2 \ln|\cos(x^3)| + C

Answer

2x3tan⁡(x3)+2ln⁡∣cos⁡(x3)∣+C2x^3 \tan(x^3) + 2 \ln|\cos(x^3)| + C

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