Without using a calculator, solve the inequality 6x−4x−3≤1−2x\dfrac{6x-4}{x-3} \le 1-2x, x≠3x \ne 3.

  1. (Hence)

    Hence find the exact range of values of θ\theta for which 6−4csc⁡θ1−3csc⁡θ≤1−2sin⁡θ\dfrac{6-4\csc\theta}{1-3\csc\theta} \le 1-2\sin\theta where 0<θ<2π0<\theta<2\pi.

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Worked solution

3(Hence)

1. Solve the rational inequality from the previous part to obtain the required solution intervals.

6x−4x−3≤1−2x\frac{6x-4}{x-3} \le 1-2x\n6x−4−(1−2x)(x−3)x−3≤0\frac{6x-4 - (1-2x)(x-3)}{x-3} \le 0\n6x−4−(−2x2+7x−3)x−3≤0\frac{6x-4 - (-2x^2+7x-3)}{x-3} \le 0\n2x2−x−1x−3≤0\frac{2x^2-x-1}{x-3} \le 0\n(2x+1)(x−1)x−3≤0\frac{(2x+1)(x-1)}{x-3} \le 0\nFrom a sign test on the critical values −12-\frac{1}{2}, 11, and 33, the valid intervals are x≤−12x \le -\frac{1}{2} or 1≤x<31 \le x < 3.

2. Manipulate the given trigonometric inequality to match the form of the solved rational inequality.

6−4csc⁡θ1−3csc⁡θ≤1−2sin⁡θ\frac{6-4\csc\theta}{1-3\csc\theta} \le 1-2\sin\theta\nSubstitute csc⁡θ=1sin⁡θ\csc\theta = \frac{1}{\sin\theta}:\n6−4sin⁡θ1−3sin⁡θ≤1−2sin⁡θ\frac{6 - \frac{4}{\sin\theta}}{1 - \frac{3}{\sin\theta}} \le 1-2\sin\theta\nMultiply the numerator and denominator of the fraction by sin⁡θ\sin\theta:\n6sin⁡θ−4sin⁡θ−3≤1−2sin⁡θ\frac{6\sin\theta-4}{\sin\theta-3} \le 1-2\sin\theta\nThis perfectly matches the inequality in the first part with x=sin⁡θx = \sin\theta.

3. Substitute $x = \sin\theta$ into the solution intervals and deduce the exact values for $\theta$.

Substituting x=sin⁡θx = \sin\theta into the solution intervals gives:\nsin⁡θ≤−12or1≤sin⁡θ<3\sin\theta \le -\frac{1}{2} \quad \text{or} \quad 1 \le \sin\theta < 3\nFor 1≤sin⁡θ<31 \le \sin\theta < 3, since the maximum possible value of sin⁡θ\sin\theta is 11, we must have exactly sin⁡θ=1\sin\theta = 1.\nFor the domain 0<θ<2π0 < \theta < 2\pi, this yields θ=π2\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}.\n\nFor sin⁡θ≤−12\sin\theta \le -\frac{1}{2}, the basic (reference) angle is sin⁡−1(12)=π6\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{\pi}{6}.\nSince sin⁡θ\sin\theta is negative, θ\theta must lie in the 3rd or 4th quadrant:\nπ+π6≤θ≤2π−π6\pi + \frac{\pi}{6} \le \theta \le 2\pi - \frac{\pi}{6}\n7π6≤θ≤11π6\frac{7\pi}{6} \le \theta \le \frac{11\pi}{6}

Answer

θ=π2\theta = \frac{\pi}{2} or 7π6≤θ≤11π6\frac{7\pi}{6} \le \theta \le \frac{11\pi}{6}

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