In the morning, Mrs Chen baked muffins of 3 different flavours - chocolate, strawberry and vanilla. The ratio of the number of chocolate muffins to the number of strawberry muffins was 3 : 5. There were 28 more strawberry muffins than chocolate muffins. There were 10 more vanilla muffins than strawberry muffins.

  1. (a)

    How many vanilla muffins did she bake in the morning?

    Answer : (a) ___

  2. (b)

    In the afternoon, she baked some more chocolate and vanilla muffins. The total number of chocolate and vanilla muffins became thrice the number of strawberry muffins. The percentage increase of the chocolate muffins was between 8% to 10%.

    How many vanilla muffins did she bake in the afternoon?

    Answer : (b) ___

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Worked solution

15(a)

1. Find the value of 1 unit using the difference between strawberry and chocolate muffins

Difference in units =5−3=2= 5 - 3 = 2 units
2 units=282 \text{ units} = 28
1 unit=28÷2=141 \text{ unit} = 28 \div 2 = 14

2. Calculate the number of strawberry muffins and then vanilla muffins

Number of strawberry muffins =5×14=70= 5 \times 14 = 70
Number of vanilla muffins =70+10=80= 70 + 10 = 80

Answer

8080

15(b)

1. Find the initial number of chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla muffins from the given ratios and differences.

Difference in ratio between strawberry and chocolate =5−3=2= 5 - 3 = 2 units.
2 units=282 \text{ units} = 28
1 unit=141 \text{ unit} = 14
Initial chocolate muffins =3×14=42= 3 \times 14 = 42
Initial strawberry muffins =5×14=70= 5 \times 14 = 70
Initial vanilla muffins =70+10=80= 70 + 10 = 80

2. Calculate the new total number of chocolate and vanilla muffins.

The number of strawberry muffins remains unchanged at 7070.
New total of chocolate and vanilla muffins =3×70=210= 3 \times 70 = 210

3. Determine the number of chocolate muffins baked in the afternoon using the percentage increase.

8% of 42=0.08×42=3.368\% \text{ of } 42 = 0.08 \times 42 = 3.36
10% of 42=0.10×42=4.210\% \text{ of } 42 = 0.10 \times 42 = 4.2
The number of muffins must be a whole number. The only integer between 3.363.36 and 4.24.2 is 44.
Therefore, 44 chocolate muffins were baked in the afternoon.

4. Calculate the number of vanilla muffins baked in the afternoon.

New number of chocolate muffins =42+4=46= 42 + 4 = 46
New number of vanilla muffins =210−46=164= 210 - 46 = 164
Vanilla muffins baked in the afternoon =164−80=84= 164 - 80 = 84

Answer

8484

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