A curve has parametric equations
- (a)
Find in terms of . Explain why has no stationary points.
- (b)
Sketch , indicating clearly the equation of the asymptote if any.
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Worked solution
4(a)
1. Find the derivatives of $x$ and $y$ with respect to $t$.
2. Find $\frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}x}$ using the parametric chain rule.
3. Explain why the curve has no stationary points based on $\frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}x}$.
For to have a stationary point, we require .
Since the numerator of is a non-zero constant (), the fraction can never be equal to zero.
Furthermore, at , is undefined (indicating a vertical tangent, not a stationary point).
Therefore, for all valid , which means has no stationary points.
Since for all and is undefined at , has no stationary points.
4(b)
1. Determine the intercepts of the curve.
Substitute to find the -intercept:
The curve intersects the -axis at .
2. Find the equation of the asymptote by considering the behaviour as $t \to \pm\infty$.
As , and .
As , and .
Therefore, the horizontal asymptote is the -axis, given by the equation .
3. Sketch the curve, noting the cusp at the $y$-intercept.
Using a graphing calculator or by analyzing the derivative from part (a) ( as ), we observe a cusp at the intercept .
Sketch a bell-like curve that is symmetric about the -axis, featuring a sharp cusp pointing downwards at and flattening out along the -axis () in both the positive and negative directions. Label the intercept and the asymptote .
Asymptote:
(A sketch is required showing a curve symmetric about the -axis, with a sharp cusp at , approaching the -axis () as .)
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