The figure is made up of a semicircle and a right-angled triangle. Given that the diameter of the semicircle is 42 cm42\text{ cm} and the difference in area of region A and region B is 357 cm2357\text{ cm}^2, find the height of the triangle. (Take π=227\pi = \frac{22}{7}.)

Worked solution

1. 计算半圆的面积

半圆的半径 r=422=21 cmr = \dfrac{42}{2} = 21\text{ cm}。

根据圆的面积公式,半圆的面积为:
S半圆=12×π×r2=12×227×21×21=693 cm2\text{S}_{\text{半圆}} = \frac{1}{2} \times \pi \times r^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{22}{7} \times 21 \times 21 = 693\text{ cm}^2

2. 借助重叠公共区域求出直角三角形的面积

设半圆与直角三角形重叠的公共部分面积为 CC。
则半圆面积为 A+C=693 cm2A + C = 693\text{ cm}^2,三角形面积为 B+CB + C。

由于半圆面积与三角形面积之差等于区域 A 与区域 B 的面积之差:
(A+C)−(B+C)=A−B=357 cm2(A + C) - (B + C) = A - B = 357\text{ cm}^2

因此,直角三角形的面积为:
S三角形=693−357=336 cm2\text{S}_{\text{三角形}} = 693 - 357 = 336\text{ cm}^2

3. 利用三角形面积公式计算三角形的高

直角三角形的底等于半圆的直径,即 b=42 cmb = 42\text{ cm}。
设三角形的高为 h cmh\text{ cm}。
根据三角形面积公式:
12×42×h=336\frac{1}{2} \times 42 \times h = 336
21h=33621h = 336
h=16h = 16

所以直角三角形的高为 16 cm16\text{ cm}。

Answer

16 cm16\text{ cm}

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