Two of the roots of the equation z3+az2+bz+c=0z^3 + az^2 + bz + c = 0 are 3ei(−23π)3\text{e}^{\text{i}\left(-\frac{2}{3}\pi\right)} and −2-2.
Given further that aa, bb and cc are integer constants, find the values of aa, bb and cc.

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Worked solution

2

1. Apply the conjugate root theorem to identify the third root.

Since the coefficients aa, bb, and cc are integer constants (and thus real), the complex roots of the polynomial must occur in conjugate pairs.
Given the root z1=3ei(−23π)z_1 = 3\text{e}^{\text{i}\left(-\frac{2}{3}\pi\right)}, the third root must be its complex conjugate:
z2=3ei(23π)z_2 = 3\text{e}^{\text{i}\left(\frac{2}{3}\pi\right)}

2. Form the quadratic factor corresponding to the complex conjugate roots.

The sum of the conjugate roots is:
3ei(−23π)+3ei(23π)=3(2cos⁡(23π))=6(−12)=−33\text{e}^{\text{i}\left(-\frac{2}{3}\pi\right)} + 3\text{e}^{\text{i}\left(\frac{2}{3}\pi\right)} = 3\left(2\cos\left(\frac{2}{3}\pi\right)\right) = 6\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) = -3
The product of the conjugate roots is:
(3ei(−23π))(3ei(23π))=9e0=9\left(3\text{e}^{\text{i}\left(-\frac{2}{3}\pi\right)}\right)\left(3\text{e}^{\text{i}\left(\frac{2}{3}\pi\right)}\right) = 9\text{e}^0 = 9
Thus, the quadratic factor formed by these roots is z2−(sum)z+(product)z^2 - (\text{sum})z + (\text{product}):
z2−(−3)z+9=z2+3z+9z^2 - (-3)z + 9 = z^2 + 3z + 9

3. Multiply the quadratic factor by the linear factor of the real root to find $a, b,$ and $c$.

Since −2-2 is also a root, (z−(−2))=(z+2)(z - (-2)) = (z + 2) is a factor of the cubic polynomial. We can express the equation as:
(z+2)(z2+3z+9)=0(z + 2)(z^2 + 3z + 9) = 0
Expanding this expression:
z(z2+3z+9)+2(z2+3z+9)=0z(z^2 + 3z + 9) + 2(z^2 + 3z + 9) = 0
z3+3z2+9z+2z2+6z+18=0z^3 + 3z^2 + 9z + 2z^2 + 6z + 18 = 0
z3+5z2+15z+18=0z^3 + 5z^2 + 15z + 18 = 0
By comparing coefficients with z3+az2+bz+c=0z^3 + az^2 + bz + c = 0, we find:
a=5,b=15,c=18a = 5, \quad b = 15, \quad c = 18

Answer

a=5a = 5, b=15b = 15, c=18c = 18

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