The equation of a curve is given by .
- (a)
Find in terms of and , simplifying your answer.
- (b)
The curve meets the line at point . Find
- (i)
the coordinates of .
- (ii)
the equation of the tangent at .
- (i)
- (c)
The tangent to the curve at cuts the -axis at and the normal to the curve at cuts the -axis at . If denotes the origin, use the results above to give a geometrical description of the quadrilateral .
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Worked solution
3(a)
1. Differentiate both sides of the given equation implicitly with respect to $x$.
2. Rearrange the equation to make $\frac{dy}{dx}$ the subject and simplify.
3(b)(i)
1. Substitute the equation of the line into the equation of the curve.
Substitute into :
2. Simplify the equation to solve for $x$.
3. Calculate the corresponding $y$-coordinate and state the coordinates of $P$.
Since ,
Therefore, the coordinates of are .
3(b)(ii)
1. Compute the derivative and the coordinates of $P$ (required from earlier parts).
From part (a), differentiating with respect to gives:
From part (b)(i), substituting into the curve equation to find :
Thus , giving .
2. Evaluate the gradient of the tangent at $P$.
Substitute and into the expression for :
Since the denominator is zero while the numerator is non-zero, the value of is undefined. This indicates that the tangent is a vertical line.
3. State the equation of the tangent.
A vertical line passing through takes the form , where is the -coordinate of the point.
Thus, the equation of the tangent is:
3(c)
1. Determine the equation of the normal at $P$ and find the coordinates of $Q$ and $R$.
From earlier parts, is and the tangent at is the vertical line .
Since the normal is perpendicular to the tangent, it must be the horizontal line passing through , which is .
The tangent cuts the -axis at .
The normal cuts the -axis at .
2. Deduce the geometrical description of the quadrilateral $OQPR$.
The vertices of the quadrilateral are , , , and .
The sides and are vertical with a length of 1 unit.
The sides and are horizontal with a length of 1 unit.
Since adjacent sides are parallel to the perpendicular and axes, all internal angles are and all sides are equal in length.
Therefore, is a square.
is a square.
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