The cubic equation , where , and are constants, has roots and .
- (i)
One JC2 student remarked that the third root is . State a necessary assumption the student made in order that the remark is true.
- (ii)
Given that the assumption in part (i) holds, find the values of , and .
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Worked solution
3(i)
1. Identify the condition for complex roots to occur in conjugate pairs
By the Complex Conjugate Root Theorem, if a polynomial has a non-real complex root, its complex conjugate is also a root if and only if all the coefficients of the polynomial are real numbers.
Since the leading coefficient is (a real number), the required assumption for the root to exist alongside is that the remaining coefficients , , and must be real numbers.
The constants , and are real numbers.
3(ii)
1. State all three roots of the cubic equation based on the given assumption.
Given that the assumption in part (i) holds, the coefficients , , and are real numbers. Therefore, the complex roots must occur in conjugate pairs. The three roots are , , and .
2. Form the quadratic factor corresponding to the complex conjugate roots.
3. Multiply the quadratic factor by the linear factor to form the cubic polynomial.
4. Compare coefficients with the given cubic equation to find $a$, $b$, and $c$.
Comparing with , we get:
, ,
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