It is given that .
- (i)
Show that and hence show that
- (ii)
Hence find the Maclaurin series for up to and including the term in .
- (iii)
Verify that the same result is obtained if the standard series expansions for and are used.
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Worked solution
8(i)
1. Find the first derivative of $y$ with respect to $x$ using the product rule.
Given , differentiate with respect to :
2. Multiply by $(1-2x)$ and substitute $y$ back into the equation to show the first target.
Multiply the entire equation by :
Since , substitute back into the right side:
3. Differentiate the new implicit equation with respect to $x$.
Differentiate implicitly with respect to . Applying the product rule to both and :
4. Substitute the first target result back in and rearrange to match the final target.
Substitute into the right-hand side to simplify the expression:
Group and simplify the terms on the right:
Rearrange to isolate :
\text{Both equations shown correctly.}
8(ii)
1. Evaluate the function and its first two derivatives at $x=0$ using the given equations.
Substitute into the first equation :
Substitute into the second equation :
2. Differentiate the second derivative equation implicitly with respect to $x$ to find an expression for the third derivative.
Differentiating both sides of with respect to using the product rule:
3. Evaluate the third derivative at $x=0$.
Substitute , and into the new equation:
4. Construct the Maclaurin series up to the $x^3$ term.
Using the Maclaurin series formula
8(iii)
1. Concisely obtain the result from part (ii) by evaluating the derivatives at $x=0$, as it is required for verification.
When , .
From part (i), . Substituting gives .
Also from part (i), .
Substituting gives .
Differentiating the second equation with respect to :
Substituting gives .
Hence, the series from part (ii) is:
2. Write out the standard Maclaurin series expansions for $\mathrm{e}^{-x}$ and $\ln(1-2x)$ up to the term in $x^3$.
Using the standard series and :
3. Multiply the two series expansions up to the $x^3$ term to verify the result.
Expanding and ignoring terms with powers of greater than 3:
This is identically the result obtained in part (ii), verifying the standard series expansions yield the same result.
, which is the same result.
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