The time taken, t in minutes, to download a particular gaming software is related to internet speed, x Mbps. The variables x and t are related by the formula t=ab+xt = \frac{a}{b + x}, where a and b are positive constants. The data below shows some measured values of x and t.
x (Mbps)501002005001000
t (minutes)23137.33.21.6

  1. (a)

    Plot 1t\frac{1}{t} against xx and draw a straight line graph.

    (ii) Use the graph to estimate the value of aa and of bb, correct to 2 significant figures.

    1. (ii)

      Use the graph to estimate the time taken for John to download the gaming software if the speed of his internet is 240 Mbps.

    2. (iii)

      Suggest an alternative set of variables to be plotted on each axis to draw a straight line to represent the formula.

  2. (b)

    The diagram shows part of a straight line graph drawn to represent the equation y=pxqy = p x^q.

    Given that the line passes through the point (2.5,8.1)(2.5, 8.1) and has a gradient of 3, find the value of pp correct to the nearest integer.

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Worked solution

4(a)(ii)

1. Read the value of $\frac{1}{t}$ from the graph when $x = 240$

From the straight line graph of 1t\frac{1}{t} against xx, when x=240x = 240, the corresponding value on the vertical axis is approximately 1t=0.17\frac{1}{t} = 0.17.

2. Calculate the time $t$

t=10.17≈5.882≈5.9t = \frac{1}{0.17} \approx 5.882 \approx 5.9 minutes

Answer

5.95.9 minutes

4(a)(iii)

1. Rearrange the given formula to find an alternative linear form

Given t=ab+xt = \frac{a}{b + x}
t(b+x)=at(b + x) = a
tb+tx=atb + tx = a
tx=−bt+atx = -bt + a
This is in the form Y=mX+cY = mX + c where Y=txY = tx, X=tX = t, m=−bm = -b, and c=ac = a. Alternatively, t=−1b(tx)+abt = -\frac{1}{b}(tx) + \frac{a}{b}.

Answer

Plot tt against txtx (or txtx against tt)

4(b)

1. Convert the given equation into linear form using logarithms

y=pxqy = p x^q
Taking logarithm to base 10 on both sides:
lg⁡y=lg⁡(pxq)\lg y = \lg(p x^q)
lg⁡y=qlg⁡x+lg⁡p\lg y = q \lg x + \lg p
This is in the linear form Y=mX+cY = mX + c, where Y=lg⁡yY = \lg y, X=lg⁡xX = \lg x, gradient m=qm = q, and YY-intercept c=lg⁡pc = \lg p.

2. Use the given point and gradient to find the $Y$-intercept

The gradient is given as 3, so q=3q = 3.
The line passes through (2.5,8.1)(2.5, 8.1) in the (lg⁡x,lg⁡y)(\lg x, \lg y) plane, so we substitute X=2.5X = 2.5 and Y=8.1Y = 8.1 into the linear equation:
8.1=3(2.5)+lg⁡p8.1 = 3(2.5) + \lg p
8.1=7.5+lg⁡p8.1 = 7.5 + \lg p
lg⁡p=0.6\lg p = 0.6

3. Solve for $p$ and round to the nearest integer

p=100.6p = 10^{0.6}
p≈3.981p \approx 3.981
Correct to the nearest integer, p=4p = 4.

Answer

p=4p = 4

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