A curve has equation
- (i)
Show that
- (ii)
Find the exact x-coordinates of the points on the curve at which the tangent is parallel to the y-axis.
- (iii)
A point moves along the curve in such a way that decreases at a constant rate of 7 units per second. Given that increases at the instant when , find the corresponding rate of change in .
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Worked solution
2(i)
1. Apply implicit differentiation and the product rule to differentiate the equation with respect to $x$.
2. Group the terms containing $\frac{dy}{dx}$ and factorize.
3. Isolate $\frac{dy}{dx}$ and simplify by factoring out a common factor of 2 to obtain the final expression.
2(ii)
1. Set the denominator of $\frac{dy}{dx}$ to 0 to establish the condition for a vertical tangent.
For a tangent to be parallel to the y-axis, the gradient is undefined. This occurs when the denominator is zero:
2. Substitute the expression for $y$ into the original equation of the curve.
3. Solve the resulting quadratic equation for the exact $x$-coordinates.
Multiply the entire equation by 5 to clear the denominators:
or
2(iii)
1. Find the possible $x$-coordinates on the curve when $y = 1$.
Substitute into the equation of the curve :
Using the quadratic formula to solve for :
2. Relate the rates of change using the chain rule to form an expression for $\frac{dx}{dt}$.
Using the chain rule, .
Given and from part (i) , substitute :
3. Determine which value of $x$ gives $\frac{dx}{dt} > 0$ and calculate the exact rate of change.
For :
and .
Thus, , which contradicts the condition that increases.
For :
and .
Thus, , which satisfies the condition.
Substitute the accepted to find the exact rate:
Rationalising the denominator:
\frac{7(\sqrt{7} - 1)}{3} \text{ units per second}
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