A curve has parametric equations x=2t−1tx = 2t - \frac{1}{t} and y=t+1ty = t + \frac{1}{t} where tt is a parameter and t≠0t \ne 0.

  1. (i)

    Show that dydx=12−32(2t2+1)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{3}{2(2t^2+1)}.

  2. (ii)

    Find the range of values that dydx\frac{dy}{dx} can take.

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Worked solution

1(i)

1. Find the derivatives of $x$ and $y$ with respect to the parameter $t$.

Given x=2t−t−1x = 2t - t^{-1} and y=t+t−1y = t + t^{-1}:
dxdt=2+t−2=2t2+1t2\frac{dx}{dt} = 2 + t^{-2} = \frac{2t^2+1}{t^2}
dydt=1−t−2=t2−1t2\frac{dy}{dt} = 1 - t^{-2} = \frac{t^2-1}{t^2}

2. Apply the chain rule for parametric equations to find $\frac{dy}{dx}$.

dydx=dydtdxdt\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\frac{dy}{dt}}{\frac{dx}{dt}}
dydx=t2−1t22t2+1t2=t2−12t2+1\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\frac{t^2-1}{t^2}}{\frac{2t^2+1}{t^2}} = \frac{t^2-1}{2t^2+1}

3. Manipulate the algebraic fraction to match the target form.

dydx=12(2t2−2)2t2+1\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\frac{1}{2}(2t^2 - 2)}{2t^2+1}
=12(2t2+1−3)2t2+1= \frac{\frac{1}{2}(2t^2 + 1 - 3)}{2t^2+1}
=12(2t2+1)2t2+1−322t2+1= \frac{\frac{1}{2}(2t^2+1)}{2t^2+1} - \frac{\frac{3}{2}}{2t^2+1}
=12−32(2t2+1)= \frac{1}{2} - \frac{3}{2(2t^2+1)}

Answer

dydx=12−32(2t2+1)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{3}{2(2t^2+1)} (shown)

1(ii)

1. Establish the bounds for the fractional term involving $t$.

Since t≠0t \neq 0, t2>0t^2 > 0.
This implies that 2t2+1>12t^2 + 1 > 1.
Taking the reciprocal gives:
0<12t2+1<10 < \frac{1}{2t^2+1} < 1
Multiplying by 32\frac{3}{2}:
0<32(2t2+1)<320 < \frac{3}{2(2t^2+1)} < \frac{3}{2}

2. Determine the range of $\frac{dy}{dx}$ by constructing the full expression.

Multiplying the inequality by −1-1 reverses the inequality signs:
−32<−32(2t2+1)<0-\frac{3}{2} < -\frac{3}{2(2t^2+1)} < 0
Adding 12\frac{1}{2} to all parts of the inequality:
12−32<12−32(2t2+1)<12\frac{1}{2} - \frac{3}{2} < \frac{1}{2} - \frac{3}{2(2t^2+1)} < \frac{1}{2}
−1<dydx<12-1 < \frac{dy}{dx} < \frac{1}{2}

Answer

−1<dydx<12-1 < \frac{dy}{dx} < \frac{1}{2}

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