A geometric series has first term and common ratio , where . The sum to infinity of the series is and its third term is .
- (a)
Show that .
- (b)
Find the values of and .
- (c)
The th term of the series is .
It is given that . Find the value of .
Worked solution
(a)
1. 根据无穷等比级数的和与第3项列出方程
由题意,无穷等比级数的和为:
等比数列的第 项为:
2. 消去 $a$ 并整理得到目标方程
将 代入 的表达式中:
展开并化简:
两边同乘以 :
两边同除以 并移项:
Answer
(b)
1. 解关于 $r$ 的三次方程并筛选出符合条件的 $r$
设 。
尝试有理根,当 时:
因此 是 的一个因式。
通过多项式除法进行因式分解:
解得 或 。
由于题中给出 ,故舍去 ,取 。
2. 求首项 $a$ 的值
将 代回 :
Answer
,
(c)
1. 用前 $k$ 项和 $S_k$ 与无穷和 $S_\infty$ 表示已知等式
记等比级数的前 项和为 。
则从第 项到无穷项的和为:
代入已知等式 :
2. 代入求和公式化简求出 $r^k$
已知 ,代入上式得:
两边同除以 ():
3. 代入 $r$ 的值求解正整数 $k$
由 (b) 问可知 ,因此:
由于底数相同且均为 ,可得:
Answer
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