Find the first negative coefficient in the expansion of (4+3x)5/2(4 + 3x)^{5/2} in a series of ascending powers of xx, where ∣x∣<43|x| < \dfrac{4}{3}. Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.

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Worked solution

Q3

1. Factor out $4$ to apply the standard expansion $(1+y)^n$.

(4+3x)5/2=[4(1+34x)]5/2=45/2(1+34x)5/2=32(1+34x)5/2(4 + 3x)^{5/2} = \left[4 \left(1 + \frac{3}{4}x\right)\right]^{5/2} = 4^{5/2} \left(1 + \frac{3}{4}x\right)^{5/2} = 32 \left(1 + \frac{3}{4}x\right)^{5/2}

2. Identify the term which will have the first negative coefficient.

The coefficient of xrx^r involves the product n(n−1)(n−2)…(n−r+1)n(n-1)(n-2)\dots(n-r+1).
For n=52n = \frac{5}{2}, the factors are:
r=1:52r=1: \frac{5}{2}
r=2:32r=2: \frac{3}{2}
r=3:12r=3: \frac{1}{2}
r=4:−12r=4: -\frac{1}{2}
The first negative factor appears when r=4r=4. Therefore, the first negative coefficient corresponds to the term in x4x^4.

3. Calculate the coefficient of $x^4$.

The coefficient of x4x^4 is:
32×(52)(32)(12)(−12)4!×(34)432 \times \frac{\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{4!} \times \left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^4
=32×(−1516×24)×81256= 32 \times \left(-\frac{15}{16 \times 24}\right) \times \frac{81}{256}
=32×(−5128)×81256= 32 \times \left(-\frac{5}{128}\right) \times \frac{81}{256}
=−54×81256=−4051024= -\frac{5}{4} \times \frac{81}{256} = -\frac{405}{1024}

Answer

−4051024-\frac{405}{1024}

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