Do not use a calculator in answering this question.
- (i)
It is given that complex numbers and are the roots of the equation such that . Find exact expressions of and in the form , where and .
- (ii)
Find the complex number in exact polar form.
- (iii)
Find the smallest positive integer such that is a positive real number.
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Worked solution
8(i)
1. Solve the quadratic equation to find the complex roots in Cartesian form.
2. Calculate the modulus of the roots.
For both roots, the modulus is:
3. Find the arguments, distinguish $z_1$ and $z_2$, and express them in $re^{i\theta}$ form.
For (first quadrant):
For (fourth quadrant):
Given , we have and .
Therefore, in the exact form :
8(ii)
1. Concisely solve part (i) to find the exponential forms of $z_1$ and $z_2$ (which are required for this part).
Modulus .
Argument .
Given , we have and .
2. Compute the modulus of the required expression.
3. Compute the argument of the required expression.
4. Adjust the argument to the principal range and express the result in exact polar form.
The principal argument must lie in .
In exact polar form, the complex number is:
8(iii)
1. Express $z_2^n$ in exponential form using the result from part (i)
From part (i), .
Applying index laws (De Moivre's theorem implicitly):
2. Determine the condition for $z_2^n$ to be a positive real number and find $n$
For to be a strictly positive real number, its argument must be an integer multiple of (since an argument of an odd multiple of would yield a negative real number).
To find the smallest positive integer , we take :
AI analysis — may contain mistakes.
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