The equation of a curve is given by y=ln⁡3x32x−1y = \ln \sqrt{\dfrac{3x^3}{2x-1}}, where x>12x > \tfrac{1}{2}.

  1. ((i))

    Find the coordinates of the stationary point.

  2. ((ii))

    Determine the nature of stationary point.

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Worked solution

6((i))

1. Simplify the logarithmic expression before differentiating.

y=ln⁡3x32x−1y=\ln\sqrt{\frac{3x^3}{2x-1}}
y=12ln⁡(3x32x−1)y=\frac12\ln\left(\frac{3x^3}{2x-1}\right)
y=12(ln⁡3+3ln⁡x−ln⁡(2x−1))y=\frac12\left(\ln 3+3\ln x-\ln(2x-1)\right)

2. Differentiate $y$ with respect to $x$.

dydx=12(0+3x−22x−1)\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac12\left(0+\frac{3}{x}-\frac{2}{2x-1}\right)
dydx=12(3x−22x−1)\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac12\left(\frac{3}{x}-\frac{2}{2x-1}\right)

3. Use the condition for a stationary point to find $x$.

At a stationary point, dydx=0.\frac{dy}{dx}=0.

So
12(3x−22x−1)=0\frac12\left(\frac{3}{x}-\frac{2}{2x-1}\right)=0
3x=22x−1\frac{3}{x}=\frac{2}{2x-1}
3(2x−1)=2x3(2x-1)=2x
6x−3=2x6x-3=2x
4x=34x=3
x=34x=\frac34

Since 34>12\frac34>\frac12, this value is in the given domain.

4. Substitute the $x$-coordinate into the curve equation to find $y$.

When x=34x=\frac34,
y=ln⁡3(34)32(34)−1y=\ln\sqrt{\frac{3\left(\frac34\right)^3}{2\left(\frac34\right)-1}}
=ln⁡3⋅276432−1=\ln\sqrt{\frac{3\cdot \frac{27}{64}}{\frac32-1}}
=ln⁡816412=\ln\sqrt{\frac{\frac{81}{64}}{\frac12}}
=ln⁡8132=\ln\sqrt{\frac{81}{32}}

Answer

The stationary point is (34, ln⁡8132).\left(\frac{3}{4},\ \ln\sqrt{\frac{81}{32}}\right).

6((ii))

1. Use the first derivative from part (i) and differentiate again.

From part (i),
dydx=32x−12x−1.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{3}{2x}-\frac{1}{2x-1}.
Hence
d2ydx2=−32x2+2(2x−1)2.\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=-\frac{3}{2x^2}+\frac{2}{(2x-1)^2}.

2. Evaluate the second derivative at the stationary point.

At the stationary point, x=34x=\dfrac{3}{4}.
d2ydx2=−32(34)2+2(2(34)−1)2\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=-\frac{3}{2\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2}+\frac{2}{\left(2\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)-1\right)^2}
=−32⋅916+2(12)2=-\frac{3}{2\cdot\frac{9}{16}}+\frac{2}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}
=−83+8=163.=-\frac{8}{3}+8=\frac{16}{3}.

3. Conclude the nature using the second derivative test.

Since
d2ydx2=163>0,\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=\frac{16}{3}>0,
the curve is concave upwards at the stationary point.

Answer

Since d2ydx2>0\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}>0 at x=34x=\dfrac{3}{4}, the stationary point is a minimum point.

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